J/ApJ/868/133ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/868/133doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18680133CDSFall S.M.Romanowsky A.J.2019-11-05T13:17:06Z2019-11-05T14:11:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frastronomical-modelsgalaxiesgalaxy-classification-systemsWe show that the stellar specific angular momentum j_*_, mass M_*_, and bulge fraction {beta}_*_ of normal galaxies of all morphological types are consistent with a simple model based on a linear superposition of independent disks and bulges. In this model, disks and bulges follow scaling relations of the form j_*_d{propto}M_*_d^{alpha}^ and j_*_b{propto}M_*_b^{alpha}^ with {alpha}=0.67+/-0.07 but offset from each other by a factor of 8+/-2 over the mass range 8.9<=log(M_*/M_{sun})<=11.8. Separate fits for disks and bulges alone give {alpha}=0.58+/-0.10 and {alpha}=0.83+/-0.16, respectively. This model correctly predicts that galaxies follow a curved 2D surface in the 3D space of log(j_*_), log(M_*_), and {beta}_*_. We find no statistically significant indication that galaxies with classical and pseudo bulges follow different relations in this space, although some differences are permitted within the observed scatter and the inherent uncertainties in decomposing galaxies into disks and bulges. As a byproduct of this analysis, we show that the j_*_-M_*_ scaling relations for disk-dominated galaxies from several previous studies are in excellent agreement with each other. In addition, we resolve some conflicting claims about the {beta}_*_ dependence of the j_*_-M_*_ scaling relations. The results presented here reinforce and extend our earlier suggestion that the distribution of galaxies with different {beta}_*_ in the j_*_-M_*_ diagram constitutes an objective, physically motivated alternative to subjective classification schemes such as the Hubble sequence.2018ApJ...868..133Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/868/133CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/387/26 : Surface photometry in 7 nearby clusters (Fasano+, 2002)J/A+A/415/63 : UBVRI surface brightness of 26 galaxies (Mollenhoff, 2004)J/AJ/136/773 : Structure of classical bulges and pseudobulges (Fisher+, 2008)J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)J/AJ/136/2563 : HI Nearby Galaxy Survey, THINGS (Walter+, 2008)J/ApJ/716/942 : Bulges of nearby galaxies with Spitzer (Fisher+, 2010)J/MNRAS/414/888 : ATLAS3D project. III. (Emsellem+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/L47 : Galaxy bulge types within 11Mpc (Fisher+, 2011)J/ApJ/754/67 : Longslit spectroscopy of local bulges (Fabricius+, 2012)J/MNRAS/433/2812 : ATLAS3D project. XXIII. (Krajnovic+, 2013)J/ApJ/788/L39 : AMIGA galaxies structural parameters (Fernandez Lorenzo+, 2014)J/ApJS/219/15 : Morphologies of z=0-10 galaxies with HST data (Shibuya+, 2015)J/A+A/591/A136 : Galaxies & QSOs FIR size and surface brightness (Lutz+, 2016)J/A+A/592/A64 : Disk galaxies at 0.1<z<1.0 (Boehm+, 2016)J/AJ/152/157 : Mass models for 175 disk galaxies with SPARC (Lelli+, 2016)J/A+A/597/A48 : Stellar kinematics in CALIFA survey (Falcon-Barroso+, 2017)J/A+A/598/A32 : 2D decomposition of CALIFA galaxies (Mendez-Abreu+, 2017)J/ApJ/850/15 : Mass/light ratios in low-mass early-type gal. (Pechetti+, 2017)J/ApJ/859/2 : Fundamental stellar & halo data for local galaxies (Lapi+,2018)J/A+A/612/L6 : j-M law from dwarf to massive spirals (Posti+, 2018)J/ApJ/860/37 : Stellar specific angular moment & mass relation (Sweet+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/868/133https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/868/133http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/868/133https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/868/133https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/868/133http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/868/133GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/868/133/table1 (Specific angular momenta, masses, and bulge fractions of galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/133/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/133/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/133/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.684708341.268750.0055555555555555566/177 2347 2351 2374 2709 4149 4511 4807 4829 5006 5075 5306 5751 5774 5827 5982 7214 7241 7385 7386 7606 7743 8042 8113 8196 10475 10841 10856 10977 11227 11961 13489 13522 16701 17509 17747 18269 18689 18781 18895 18935 19139 20188 21859 22953 23077 25083 26125 26223 26346 26365 26803 27255 27515 27604 27719 27724 27730 27743 27765 27773 27914 27947 28142 28172 28221 28498 28612 32462 34493 34534 34540 35536 35911 35928 36236 36242 36247 36332 36338 38880 39534 40151 40287 40946 40952 43262 48605https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/868/133?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/868/133/table1Specific angular momenta, masses, and bulge fractions of galaxiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy Name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharTTypeGalaxy morphological typesrc.morph.typecharlogM*[8.9/11.9] log of galaxy stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatlogj*[1.6/3.7] log of galaxy stellar angular momentumlog(kpc.km.s**-1)src.class.starGalaxyfloatbeta*[0/1] Bulge fraction ({beta})phys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatBulgeBulge type, uncertain when followed by a question mark (see section 3)src.morph.typecharRefReferences (2)meta.refcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main