J/ApJ/867/62ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/867/62doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18670062CDSWilliams K.A.Canton P.A.Bellini A.Bolte M.Rubin K.H.R.,Gianninas A.Kilic M.2021-02-23T11:55:03Z2019-11-04T09:13:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clusterswhite-dwarf-starsvisible-astronomysloan-photometryspectroscopystellar-spectral-typesredshiftedstellar-massesWhite dwarfs (WDs) are excellent forensic tools for studying end-of-life issues surrounding low- and intermediate-mass stars, and the old, solar metallicity open star cluster Messier 67 is a proven laboratory for the study of stellar evolution for solar-type stars. In this paper, we present a detailed spectroscopic study of brighter (M_g_<=12.4) WDs in Messier 67, and in combination with previously published proper motion membership determinations, we identify a clean, representative sample of cluster WDs, including 13 members with hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, at least one of which is a candidate double degenerate, and 5 members with helium-dominated atmospheres. Using this sample we test multiple predictions surrounding the final stages of stellar evolution in solar-type stars. In particular, the stochasticity of the integrated mass lost by ~1.5 solar mass stars is less than 7% of the WD remnant mass. We identify WDs likely resulting from binary evolution, including at least one blue straggler remnant and two helium-core WDs. We observe no evidence of a significant population of helium-core WDs formed by enhanced mass loss on the red giant branch of the cluster. The distribution of WD atmospheric compositions is fully consistent with that in the field, limiting proposed mechanisms for the suppression of helium atmosphere WD formation in star clusters. In short, the WD population of Messier 67 is fully consistent with basic predictions of single- and multiple-star stellar evolution theories for solar metallicity stars.2018ApJ...867...62Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/867/62CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/211 : Keck/HIRES Sky Line Atlas (Osterbrock+ 1997)III/210 : Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs (McCook+, 1999)VII/270 : SDSS quasar catalog: tenth data release (Paris+, 2014)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)J/AJ/106/181 : CCD photometry of open cluster M67 (Montgomery+ 1993)J/AJ/112/628 : BATC Color Survey of M67 (Fan+ 1996)J/ApJ/576/880 : CCD UBV photometry of h and {chi} Per (Slesnick+, 2002)J/A+A/418/509 : Chandra observation of M67 (Van Den Berg+, 2004)J/ApJS/156/47 : DA white dwarfs from the Palomar Green Survey (Liebert+, 2005)J/AJ/132/1221 : VJHK and SDSS photometry of DA white dwarfs (Holberg+, 2006)J/ApJ/723/1072 : The ELM survey. I. Low-mass white dwarfs (Brown+, 2010)J/ApJ/743/138 : Spectroscopic survey of bright white dwarfs (Gianninas+, 2011)J/ApJ/730/128 : Spectroscopy of DA WD from the SDSS-DR4 (Tremblay+, 2011)J/ApJ/812/167 : The ELM survey. VI. 11 new ELM WD binaries (Gianninas+, 2015)J/MNRAS/446/4078 : New white dwarf stars in SDSS DR10 (Kepler+, 2015)J/A+A/583/A86 : DB white dwarfs in SDSS DR10 and DR12 (Koester+, 2015)J/ApJ/848/11 : Spectroscopic and photometric analysis of WDs (Bedard+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A10 : 46 open clusters Gaia DR2 diag. HR (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/867/62https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/867/62http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/867/62https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/867/62https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/867/62http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/867/62GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/867/62/table3 (White dwarf candidate photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/867/62/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/867/62/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/867/62/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true132.622791711.88041670.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/ApJ/867/626/4298https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/867/62?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/867/62/table3White dwarf candidate photometryRefReference(s) (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSet[1/2] Spectra subset (1)meta.codeintWDmeta.ref.urlcharSeq[2231/292440] Running index (2)meta.id;meta.mainintprimaryRAJ2000[8] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[11] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.maingmag[18.6/24.2] Megacam/MMT g band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmag[0.02/0.05] Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloat(u-g)[-0.5/1.2] Megacam/MMT u-g color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloate_(u-g)[0.02/0.2] Uncertainty in (u-g)magstat.errorfloat(g-r)[-0.6/0.8] Megacam/MMT g-r color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloate_(g-r)[0.02/0.08] Uncertainty in (g-r)magstat.errorfloatf_gmagc=Star off plate in our r image; data from SDSS DR14meta.codecharOIDCross-identification(s) (3)meta.id.crosscharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/867/62/table5Spectroscopically confirmed white dwarfsMaskMask name (2)meta.id;instrcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[2231/207569] Running index (1)meta.id;meta.mainintAliasWD alias used in paper; spectra file namingmeta.idcharMDerived quantities and cluster membership for DA WDs (link to Table 7)meta.ref.urlintnullablegmag[18.6/24] Megacam/MMT g band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmag[0.02/0.04] Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatSpTWhite dwarf spectral typesrc.spTypecharf_SpTc=Spectral type from Kepler+ 2015, J/MNRAS/446/4078meta.codecharMmProper Motion cluster member from Bellini+ (2010A&A...513A..50B); column added by CDS from Table 8pos.pmcharf_Mmb=Outside the region studied by Bellini+ (2010A&A...513A..50B)meta.codecharSpInteractive spectrum plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/867/62/table6Spectroscopic identifications of non-white dwarfsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[3477/292440] Running index (1)meta.id;meta.mainintgmag[20/24.2] Megacam/MMT g band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmag[0.03/0.05] Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatTypeSpectra based type (2)src.classcharzspec[0.08/2.6]? Spectroscopic redshift; null (blank) for starssrc.redshiftfloatnullablef_SeqObservation Notes (3)meta.codecharSpInteractive spectrum plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/867/62/table7Derived quantities and cluster membership for DA WDsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSet[1/3] WD subset (1)meta.noteintAliasWD alias used in papermeta.idcharSolAtmospheric solution; H: Hot; C:Coldmeta.codecharMwd[0.2/0.8] Derived WD mass, solar unitssolMassphys.massfloate_Mwd[0.009/0.5] Uncertainty in MwdsolMassstat.errorfloatgMag[8.1/13.9] Absolute g magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloate_gMag[0.02/0.8] Uncertainty in Mgmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatd(m-M)[-3/1.4] Difference of WD and cluster apparent distance modulimagphot.mag.distModfloate_d(m-M)[0.04/0.8] Uncertainty in d(m-M)magstat.errorfloatPMMmProper Motion member from Bellini+ 2010A&A...513A..50Bmeta.code.membercharPhMmPhotometric sequence member? (Y:Yes; N:No; B: candidate binary member)meta.code.memberchar