J/ApJ/866/99ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/866/99doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18660099CDSBerger T.A.Huber D.Gaidos E.van Saders J.L.2019-10-30T09:25:30Z2019-10-30T10:12:56ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsstellar-radiistellar-distanceeffective-temperatureOne bottleneck for the exploitation of data from the Kepler mission for stellar astrophysics and exoplanet research has been the lack of precise radii and evolutionary states for most of the observed stars. We report revised radii of 177911 Kepler stars derived by combining parallaxes from the Gaia Data Release 2 with the DR25 Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog. The median radius precision is ~8%, a typical improvement by a factor of 4-5 over previous estimates for typical Kepler stars. We find that ~67% (~120000) of all Kepler targets are main-sequence stars, ~21% (~37000) are subgiants, and ~12% (~21000) are red giants, demonstrating that subgiant contamination is less severe than some previous estimates and that Kepler targets are mostly main-sequence stars. Using the revised stellar radii, we recalculate the radii for 2123 confirmed and 1922 candidate exoplanets. We confirm the presence of a gap in the radius distribution of small, close-in planets, but find that the gap is mostly limited to incident fluxes >200F_{Earth}_, and its location may be at a slightly larger radius (closer to ~2R_{Earth}_) when compared to previous results. Furthermore, we find several confirmed exoplanets occupying a previously described "hot super-Earth desert" at high irradiance, show the relation between a gas-giant planet's radius and its incident flux, and establish a bona fide sample of eight confirmed planets and 30 planet candidates with Rp<2R_{Earth}_ in circumstellar "habitable zones" (incident fluxes between 0.25 and 1.50F_{Earth}_). The results presented here demonstrate the potential for transformative characterization of stellar and exoplanet populations using Gaia data.2018ApJ...866...99Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/866/99CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/523/A48 : Gaia photometry (Jordi+, 2010)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJS/199/30 : Effective temperature scale for KIC stars (Pinsonneault+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/161 : Spectroscopy of 56 exoplanet host stars (Torres+, 2012)J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/ApJ/771/107 : Spectroscopy of faint KOI stars (Everett+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/127 : Asteroseismic solutions for 77 Kepler stars (Huber+, 2013)J/ApJ/765/L41 : Asteroseismic classification of KIC objects (Stello+, 2013)J/ApJ/788/L9 : Stellar parameters of KIC planet-host stars (Bastien+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/1 : Asteroseismic study of solar-type stars (Chaplin+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of 715 Kepler planet cand. host stars (Law+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/ApJ/808/187 : Metallicities of KIC stars without planets (Buchhave+, 2015)J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates for KOIs (Burke+, 2015)J/ApJS/220/19 : LAMOST obs. in the Kepler field. I. (De Cat+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016)J/MNRAS/457/2877 : Kepler M dwarf stars revised properties (Gaidos+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). III. Radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star plx from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised properties of Q1-17 Kepler targets (Mathur+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/ApJ/855/115 : Lithium abundances of KOIs from CKS spectra (Berger+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)J/AJ/155/161 : Stars nearby Robo-AO Kepler planetary cand. (Ziegler+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/866/99https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/866/99http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/866/99https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/866/99https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/866/99http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/866/99GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/866/99/table1 (Revised parameters of Kepler stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/866/99/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/866/99/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/866/99/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.0387336.59812890.0055555555555555564/922 923 933 934 935 944 945 946 5/3645 3646 3647 3683 3704 3706 3729 3730 3731 3760 3765 3788 3789 3792 3793 6/14559 14567 14573 14575 14577 14578 14579 14730 14731 14738 14744 14746 14747 14749 14750 14751 14792 14794 14795 14822 14828 14830 14831 14914 14915 15044 15045 15056 15057 15059 15160 15161 15164 15176 15177 15178 15200 15202 15232 15233https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/866/99?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/866/99/table1Revised parameters of Kepler starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNpNumber of planets for this star (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullableKIC[757076/12984422] Kepler Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryGaiaGaia DR2 identifiermeta.id.crossTeff[3004/20870] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[62/684] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintDist[17.4/12009] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricdoubleE_Dist[0.01/1859] Upper uncertainty limit in Distpcstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Dist[0.01/1474] Lower uncertainty limit in Distpcstat.errordoubleR*[0.01/162] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_R*[0.001/34] Upper uncertainty in R*solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_R*[0.001/26] Lower uncertainty in R*solRadstat.errorfloatAv[0.002/3] V band extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.VfloatEvol[0/2]? Evolved flag (1)meta.codeintnullableBin[0/3]? Binary flag (2)meta.codeintnullableM17Display data from the KSPC DR25 catalog (Mathur+, 2017, J/ApJS/229/30)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions of KIC stars from the KIC catalog (V/133) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexed_DEPositions of KIC stars from the KIC catalog (V/133) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedJ/ApJ/866/99/table2Revised parameters of Kepler exoplanetsKOIKepler Object of Interest identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKIC[757450/12885212] Kepler Input Catalog identifiermeta.id.parentintRp[0.2/17209] Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusdoubleE_Rp[0.02/22138] Upper uncertainty limit in Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Rp[0.02/6446] Lower uncertainty limit in Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoubleFp[0/2165009] Planet incident flux relative to the EarthEarthphot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleE_Fp[0/767282] Upper uncertainty limit in FpEarthstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Fp[0/506272] Lower uncertainty limit in FpEarthstat.errordoubleBin[0/1]? AO-detected companion flag (1)meta.codeintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar