J/ApJ/865/43ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/865/43doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18650043CDSFornasini F.M.Civano F.Fabbiano G.Elvis M.Marchesi S.Miyaji T.,Zezas A.2019-09-30T07:53:11Z2019-09-30T08:49:51ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesphotometryx-ray-sourcesredshiftedx-ray-binary-starsstellar-evolutionary-modelsactive-galactic-nucleiWe present an X-ray stacking analysis of ~75000 star-forming galaxies between 0.1<z<5.0 using the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy survey to study the X-ray emission of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN) and its connection to host galaxy properties. The stacks at z<0.9 have luminosity limits as low as 10^40^-10^41^erg/s, a regime in which X-ray binaries (XRBs) can dominate the X-ray emission. Comparing the measured luminosities to established XRB scaling relations, we find that the redshift evolution of the luminosity per star formation rate (SFR) of XRBs depends sensitively on the assumed obscuration and may be weaker than previously found. The XRB scaling relation based on stacks from the Chandra Deep Field South overestimates the XRB contribution to the COSMOS high specific SFR stacks, possibly due to a bias affecting the CDF-S stacks because of their small galaxy samples. After subtracting the estimated XRB contribution from the stacks, we find that most stacks at z>1.3 exhibit a significant X-ray excess indicating nuclear emission. The AGN emission is strongly correlated with stellar mass but does not exhibit an additional correlation with SFR. The hardness ratios of the high-redshift stacks indicate that the AGN are substantially obscured (N_H_~10^23^cm^-2^). These obscured AGN are not identified by IRAC color selection and have L_X_~10^41^-10^43^erg/s, consistent with accretion at an Eddington rate of ~10^-3^ onto 10^7^-10^8^M_{sun}_ black holes. Combining our results with other X-ray studies suggests that AGN obscuration depends on stellar mass and an additional variable, possibly the Eddington rate.2018ApJ...865...43Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/865/43CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)B/eso : ESO Science Archive Catalog (ESO, 1991-2019)VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)J/AJ/126/539 : The Chandra Deep Fields North and South (Alexander+, 2003)J/ApJ/663/81 : SED of hard X-ray selected AGN in XMDS (Polletta+, 2007)J/ApJS/184/158 : Chandra COSMOS survey I. (Elvis+, 2009)J/ApJ/708/137 : Broad-line AGNs in zCOSMOS survey (Merloni+, 2010)J/ApJ/742/3 : Photometric catalogs for ECDF-S and CDF-N (Rafferty+, 2011)J/ApJS/195/10 : The CDF-S survey: 4Ms source catalogs (Xue+, 2011)J/MNRAS/427/3103 : COSMOS field supermassive black holes (Bongiorno+, 2012)J/A+A/544/A156 : UltraVISTA Catalogue Release DR1 (McCracken+, 2012)J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)J/ApJ/764/41 : X-ray binary evolution across cosmic time (Fragos+, 2013)J/ApJS/220/10 : AEGIS-X Deep survey of EGS (AEGIS-XD) (Nandra+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/82 : z<0.06 broad-line AGN emission-line measures (Reines+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/15 : Morphologies of z=0-10 gal. with HST data (Shibuya+, 2015)J/ApJ/819/62 : The COSMOS-Legacy Survey (CLS) catalog (Civano+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/24 : The COSMOS2015 catalog (Laigle+, 2016)J/ApJ/825/7 : Evolution of ~6Ms CDF-S galaxies (Lehmer+, 2016)J/ApJ/817/34 : C-COSMOS Legacy multiwavelength catalog (Marchesi+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A123 : AGN vs. host galaxy data in COSMOS field (Lanzuisi+, 2017)J/ApJS/228/2 : Chandra Deep Field-South survey: 7Ms sources (Luo+, 2017)J/ApJ/841/102 : Type 2 AGN host galaxies in Chandra-COSMOS (Suh+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/865/43https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/865/43http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/865/43https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/865/43https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/865/43http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/865/43GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/865/43/stacksProperties of star-forming galaxy stacks and photometry (Tables 2 and 3)Exp[134/659084] Exposurekstime.expodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/92] Stack numbermeta.id;meta.mainintNgal[2/8473] Number of galaxies in stackmeta.numberintzphot[0.2/3.6] Mean photometric redshift of galaxies in stacksrc.redshiftfloatb_zphot[0.1/3] Lower bound on zphotmeta.notefloatB_zphot[0.3/5] Upper bound on zphotmeta.notefloatlogMstar[9.6/11.5] Mean galaxy (stellar) masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatE_logMstar[0/0.5] Upper Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logMstarlog(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logMstar[0.01/0.4] Lower Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logMstarlog(solMass)stat.errorfloatb_logMstar[9.5/11.4] Lower bound on logMstar rangelog(solMass)instr.bandwidth;stat.minfloatB_logMstar[9.6/11.9] Upper bound on logMstar rangelog(solMass)instr.bandwidth;stat.maxfloatlogSFRstar[-0.3/2.8] Mean star formation ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)meta.idfloatE_logSFRstar[0.03/0.6] Upper Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logSFRstarlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logSFRstar[0.04/0.9] Lower Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logSFRstarlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloatb_logSFRstar[-1.5/2.7] Lower bound on logSFRstar rangelog(solMass.yr**-1)instr.bandwidth;stat.minfloatB_logSFRstar[0.4/3.4] Upper bound on logSFRstar rangelog(solMass.yr**-1)instr.bandwidth;stat.maxfloatlogsSFR[-10.5/-8.2] Mean specific star formation ratelog(yr**-1)phys.SFR;stat.meanfloatE_logsSFR[0/0.6] Upper Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logsSFRlog(yr**-1)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logsSFR[0/0.9] Lower Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logsSFRlog(yr**-1)stat.errorfloatSig[0/7.7] Significance of the stack in the 0.5-2keV bandstat.fit.goodnessfloatNCts[-12/433] Background-subtracted Net Countsctphot.count;em.X-rayfloatE_NCts[2/67] Upper Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in NCtsctstat.error;stat.maxfloate_NCts[0.8/67] Lower Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in NCtsctstat.errorfloatlogLXobs[39.8/43.1] Mean obs model X-ray Luminosity, log, erg/s (1)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatE_logLXobs[0.06/0.2]? Upper Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logLXobs (1)log(1e-07W)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_logLXobs[0.06/0.2]? Lower Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logLXobs (1)log(1e-07W)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLXtyp[39.3/43.1] Mean typical model X-ray luminosity, log, erg/s (2)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatE_logLXtyp[0.05/0.2]? Upper Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logLXtyp (2)log(1e-07W)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_logLXtyp[0.08/0.3]? Lower Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logLXtyp (2)log(1e-07W)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLXagn[39/43]? AGN luminosity, log, erg/s (3)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatnullableE_logLXagn[0.07/0.3]? Upper Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logLXagn (3)log(1e-07W)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_logLXagn[0.1/1.9]? Lower Uncertainty (1{sigma}) in logLXagn (3)log(1e-07W)stat.errorfloatnullableb_logLXagn[39.8/42.3]? Range (min) of logLXagn, erg/s (4)log(1e-07W)instr.bandwidthfloatnullableB_logLXagn[39.9/43] Range (max) of logLXagn, erg/s (4)log(1e-07W)instr.bandwidthfloatlogLxrb[39.9/42.3] Estimated XRB contribution, this paper; Equation 2log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatlogLxrb2[39/42] Estimated XRB contribution, Lehmer+ (2010ApJ...724..559L) relationlog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatlogLxrb3[39.5/43] Estimated XRB contribution, Aird+ (2017MNRAS.465.3390A) relationlog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloat