J/ApJ/865/33ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/865/33doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18650033CDSHare J.Kargaltsev O.Rangelov B.2020-03-26T14:19:11Z2019-09-27T14:00:42ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersx-ray-sourceshst-photometryinfrared-photometryWe report the results of Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-Ray Observatory observations of the GLIMPSE-C01 (hereafter GC01) star cluster. Color-magnitude and color-color diagrams suggest a cluster age of >~2Gyr up to ~10Gyr (dependent on GC01's metallicity), a distance of 3.3-3.5kpc, and strong differential reddening with A_V_=14-22. After performing astrometric corrections, we find that nine of the 15 X-ray sources have at least one near-infrared (NIR) counterpart within the 2{sigma} Chandra positional error circles. However, given the very high density of NIR sources in the cluster, most of these counterparts are likely due to chance coincidence. We jointly analyze the X-ray and NIR properties to assess the likelihood of true associations. Based primarily on their X-ray properties, we identify a low-mass X-ray binary candidate (source X2), a cataclysmic variable (CV) candidate (source X1), and an active binary (AB) candidate (source X9). Source X11 is detected during an X-ray flaring episode with a flare luminosity (L_X_=2.1x10^33^erg/s) and has a quiescent luminosity L_X_<8.0x10^30^erg/s, in 0.5-8keV at the distance of GC01, suggesting that the source is either an AB or CV. We also discuss the limits on an intermediate-mass black hole at the center of GC01 and the challenges of X-ray source classification imposed by the limitations of the existing data and instrumentation along with future prospects in the James Webb Space Telescope era.2018ApJ...865...33Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/865/33CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)V/123 : Catalog of Cataclysmic Variables (Downes+ 2001-2006)J/AJ/118/2894 : UBVRI CCD photometry in NGC 188 (Sarajedini+, 1999)J/A+A/386/187 : Radial velocities in IC 4651 (Meibom+, 2002)J/A+A/418/509 : Chandra observation of M67 (Van Den Berg+, 2004)J/ApJ/625/796 : X-ray sources in the globular cluster 47 Tuc (Heinke+, 2005)J/A+A/438/1163 : Catalogue of Open Cluster Data (COCD) (Kharchenko+, 2005)J/AJ/132/1221 : VJHK and SDSS photometry of DA white dwarfs (Holberg+, 2006)J/ApJ/651/1098 : Faint X-ray sources in Terzan 5 (Heinke+, 2006)J/A+A/469/807 : Catalogue of Galactic low-mass X-ray binaries (Liu+, 2007)J/A+A/489/583 : JHKs photometry of GLIMPSE-C02 (Kurtev+, 2008)J/A+A/490/113 : X-ray sources in NGC 752 (Giardino+, 2008)J/ApJ/697/224 : Chandra X-ray sources in {omega} Cen (Haggard+, 2009)J/ApJ/729/L10 : KIC stars properties in NGC 6791 and NGC 6819 (Basu+, 2011)J/MNRAS/419/1637 : Nearby red clump stars JHK observations (Laney+, 2012)J/ApJ/770/98 : Chandra study of NGC 6791 (van den Berg+, 2013)J/A+A/581/A39 : MWSC IV. 63 new open clusters (Scholz+, 2015)J/A+A/589/A116 : Multiwavelength study of Sgr A* (Mossoux+, 2016)J/ApJ/837/130 : Collinder 261 Chandra sources+opt. counterparts (Vats+, 2017)J/ApJ/853/150 : Spectral analysis of low-mass X-ray binaries (Sonbas+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/865/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/865/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/865/33https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/865/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/865/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/865/33GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/865/33/table2 (X-ray sources detected with six or more net counts in the ACIS-S3 image within the 42" region of interest)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true282.20946194-1.491306940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/865/33/127box (WFC3/UVIS+IR catalog for the "alternative cluster" (box region) shown in Figure 5, derived using the drizzled F127M image for source extraction, and plotted in the right panel of Figure 9)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/127box?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/127box?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/127box?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true282.207616217-1.509106749570.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/865/33/127roi (WFC3/UVIS+IR catalog for the circular ROI region shown in Figure 8, derived using the drizzled F127M image for source extraction, and plotted in the left panel of Figure 9)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/127roi?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/127roi?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/127roi?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true282.212742518-1.490853413490.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/865/33/814roi (WFC3/UVIS+IR catalog for the circular ROI region shown in Figure 8, derived using the drizzled F814W image for source extraction, and plotted in Figure 10)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/814roi?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/814roi?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/814roi?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true282.20618329-1.498973731750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/865/33/table3 (Potential NIR counterparts to X-ray sources and their magnitudes in the WFC3 IR and UVIS filters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/865/33/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true282.20943389-1.491338890.0055555555555555566/302691.2674828593606592e-19 2.7125816807299905e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/865/33?format=asciiX-rayInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/865/33/table2X-ray sources detected with six or more net counts in the ACIS-S3 image within the 42" region of intereste_Gamma? Symmetric uncertainty on Gammastat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintXIDNumber of NIR counterpart for this source (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableIDX-ray source identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Source RA, decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Source DEC, decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainePosX-ray 2{sigma} position error circle radiusarcsecstat.error;phys.angSize;em.X-rayfloatNetNet countsctphot.count;em.X-rayintE_Net? Upper uncertainty in Netctstat.error;stat.maxintnullablee_NetLower (or symmetric) uncertainty in Net (1)ctstat.error;src.netintFxObserved 0.5-8keV flux, 10-14erg/cm^2^/s1e-14mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloatE_Fx? Upper uncertainty in Fx1e-14mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_FxLower (or symmetric) uncertainty in Fx (1)1e-14mW.m**-2stat.errorfloatf_FxFlag on Fx (2)meta.codecharLxUnabsorbed 0.5-8keV luminosity, 10+31erg/s at d=3.3kpc1e+24Jphys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatf_LxFlag on Lx (2)meta.codecharXcol? X-ray color (3)phot.color;em.X-rayfloatnullablef_XcolFlag on Xcol (2)meta.codecharEmedMedian photon energy in the 0.5-8keV bandem.energy;stat.median;em.X-rayfloatGammaBest fit photon index for the absorbed power-law modelmeta.code;spect.index;meta.modelledfloatf_GammaFlag on Gamma (2)meta.codecharC-stat? C-statstat.fit.paramfloatnullabledof? Degrees of Freedom in fitstat.fit.dofintnullablePNIRProbability X-ray/NIR counterparts (4)%statintf_PNIRFlag on PNIR (2)meta.codecharPoptProbability X-ray/optical+NIR counterparts (5)%statintf_PoptFlag on Popt (2)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/865/33/127boxWFC3/UVIS+IR catalog for the "alternative cluster" (box region) shown in Figure 5, derived using the drizzled F127M image for source extraction, and plotted in the right panel of Figure 9recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[282.19/282.23] Source Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-1.53/-1.48] Source Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF814Wmag[15.7/35.4]? WFC3/UVIS F814W magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_F814Wmag[0.001/10]? Uncertainty of F814W magnitude (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF814W[0/736]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F814W image (2)stat.snrfloatnullableshpF814W[-3.4/5.8]? Sharpness value of the source in the F814W image (2)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF814W[0/7.7]? Crowding value of the source in the F814W image (2)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableF127Mmag[12/23]? WFC3/IR F127M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F127Mmag[0/0.2]? Uncertainty of F127M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF127M[9/4177]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F127M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF127M[-0.03/0.03] Sharpness value of the source in the F127M imagestat.fit.paramfloatcrdF127M[0.003/0.2]? Crowding value of the source in the F127M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableF139Mmag[11.4/22]? WFC3/IR F139M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F139Mmag[0/0.06]? Uncertainty of F139M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF139M[18/5226]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F139M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF139M[-0.03/0.03]? Sharpness value of the source in the F139M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF139M[0.005/0.2]? Crowding value of the source in the F139M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableF153Mmag[10.5/21.2]? WFC3/IR F153M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F153Mmag[0/0.04]? Uncertainty of F153M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF153M[27/7033]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F153M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF153M[-0.03/0.03]? Sharpness value of the source in the F153M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF153M[0.006/0.2]? Crowding value of the source in the F153M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableJ/ApJ/865/33/127roiWFC3/UVIS+IR catalog for the circular ROI region shown in Figure 8, derived using the drizzled F127M image for source extraction, and plotted in the left panel of Figure 9F127Mmag[12/23]? WFC3/IR F127M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[282.19/282.23] Source Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-1.53/-1.48] Source Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF814Wmag[15.7/35.4]? WFC3/UVIS F814W magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_F814Wmag[0.001/10]? Uncertainty of F814W magnitude (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF814W[0/736]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F814W image (2)stat.snrfloatnullableshpF814W[-3.4/5.8]? Sharpness value of the source in the F814W image (2)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF814W[0/7.7]? Crowding value of the source in the F814W image (2)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_F127Mmag[0/0.2]? Uncertainty of F127M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF127M[9/4177]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F127M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF127M[-0.03/0.03] Sharpness value of the source in the F127M imagestat.fit.paramfloatcrdF127M[0.003/0.2]? Crowding value of the source in the F127M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableF139Mmag[11.4/22]? WFC3/IR F139M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F139Mmag[0/0.06]? Uncertainty of F139M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF139M[18/5226]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F139M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF139M[-0.03/0.03]? Sharpness value of the source in the F139M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF139M[0.005/0.2]? Crowding value of the source in the F139M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableF153Mmag[10.5/21.2]? WFC3/IR F153M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F153Mmag[0/0.04]? Uncertainty of F153M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF153M[27/7033]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F153M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF153M[-0.03/0.03]? Sharpness value of the source in the F153M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF153M[0.006/0.2]? Crowding value of the source in the F153M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableJ/ApJ/865/33/814roiWFC3/UVIS+IR catalog for the circular ROI region shown in Figure 8, derived using the drizzled F814W image for source extraction, and plotted in Figure 10recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[282.19/282.22] Source Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-1.51/-1.48] Source Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF814Wmag[17/26.1]? WFC3/UVIS F814W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_F814Wmag[0.002/0.3]? Uncertainty of F814W magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF814W[4/661]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F814W imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF814W[-0.1/0.1]? Sharpness value of the source in the F814W imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF814W[0/0.2]? Crowding value of the source in the F814W imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableF127Mmag[12.4/21.1]? WFC3/IR F127M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F127Mmag[0/0.03]? Uncertainty of F127M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF127M[41/3548]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F127M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF127M[-0.03/0.02]? Sharpness value of the source in the F127M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF127M[0.004/0.2]? Crowding value of the source in the F127M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableF139Mmag[11.5/20.6]? WFC3/IR F139M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F139Mmag[0/0.03]? Uncertainty of F139M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF139M[48/5113]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F139M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF139M[-0.04/0.03]? Sharpness value of the source in the F139M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF139M[0.005/0.4]? Crowding value of the source in the F139M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableF153Mmag[10.6/20.2]? WFC3/IR F153M magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F153Mmag[0/0.02]? Uncertainty of F153M magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableSNRF153M[54/6661]? Signal-to-noise ratio of the source in the F153M imagestat.snrfloatnullableshpF153M[-0.05/0.03]? Sharpness value of the source in the F153M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullablecrdF153M[0.007/0.5]? Crowding value of the source in the F153M imagestat.fit.paramfloatnullableJ/ApJ/865/33/table3Potential NIR counterparts to X-ray sources and their magnitudes in the WFC3 IR and UVIS filtersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDCounterpart name (X-ray source identifier)meta.id;meta.maincharm_IDMultiple counterpart component identifiermeta.code.multipcharf_IDCounterpart flag(s) (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000Counterpart RA, decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Counterpart DEC, decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF814Wmag? WFC3/UVIS F814W VEGAMAG magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_F814Wmag? uncertainty of F814W magnitude (3)magstat.errorfloatnullableF127WmagWFC3/UVIS F127W VEGAMAG magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F127Wmaguncertainty of F127W magnitude (3)magstat.errorfloatF139WmagWFC3/UVIS F139W VEGAMAG magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F139Wmaguncertainty of F139W magnitude (3)magstat.errorfloatF153WmagWFC3/UVIS F153W VEGAMAG magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_F153Wmaguncertainty of F153W magnitude (3)magstat.errorfloat