J/ApJ/864/45ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/864/45doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18640045CDSMargutti R.Chornock R.Metzger B.D.Coppejans D.L.Guidorzi C.,Migliori G.Milisavljevic D.Berger E.Nicholl M.Zauderer B.A.,Lunnan R.Kamble A.Drout M.Modjaz M.2019-09-20T13:48:05Z2019-09-20T14:38:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeredshiftedx-ray-sourcesWe present the results from a sensitive X-ray survey of 26 nearby hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) with Swift, Chandra, and XMM. This data set constrains the SLSN evolution from a few days until ~2000d after explosion, reaching a luminosity limit Lx~10^40^erg/s and revealing the presence of significant X-ray emission possibly associated with PTF 12dam. No SLSN-I is detected above Lx~10^41^erg/s, suggesting that the luminous X-ray emission Lx~10^45^erg/s associated with SCP 60F6 is not common among SLSNe-I. We constrain the presence of off-axis gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets, ionization breakouts from magnetar engines and the density in the sub-parsec environments of SLSNe-I through inverse Compton emission. The deepest limits rule out the weakest uncollimated GRB outflows, suggesting that if the similarity of SLSNe-I with GRB/SNe extends to their fastest ejecta, then SLSNe-I are either powered by energetic jets pointed far away from our line of sight ({theta}>30{deg}), or harbor failed jets that do not successfully break through the stellar envelope. Furthermore, if a magnetar central engine is responsible for the exceptional luminosity of SLSNe-I, our X-ray analysis favors large magnetic fields B>2x10^14^G and ejecta masses M_ej_>3M_{sun}_, in agreement with optical/UV studies. Finally, we constrain the pre-explosion mass-loss rate of stellar progenitors of SLSNe-I. For PTF 12dam we infer dM/dt<2x10^-5^M_{sun}_/yr, suggesting that the SN shock interaction with an extended circumstellar medium is unlikely to supply the main source of energy powering the optical transient and that some SLSN-I progenitors end their lives as compact stars surrounded by a low-density medium similar to long GRBs and type Ib/c SNe.2018ApJ...864...45Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/864/45CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)B/xmm : XMM-Newton Obs. Log (XMM-Newton Science Operation Center, 2012)B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)B/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)J/ApJ/690/1358 : Transient SCP 06F6 unusual opt. spectra (Barbary+, 2009)J/other/Nat/463.513 : Radio observations of SN 2009bb (Soderberg+, 2010)J/other/Nat/474.484 : Ligth curves of 4 supernovae (Quimby+, 2011)J/MNRAS/428/729 : GRB Swift X-ray light curves analysis (Margutti+, 2013)J/ApJ/782/42 : Panchromatic observations of PTF11qcj (Corsi+, 2014)J/ApJ/781/42 : Optical photometry of SN 2010jl (Ofek+, 2014)J/MNRAS/448/1206 : Superluminous supernovae in faint galaxies (McCrum+, 2015)J/MNRAS/458/84 : Host galaxies of Superluminous Supernovae (Angus+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/57 : Photometry of the Type Ib/c SN2013ge (Drout+, 2016)J/ApJ/830/13 : Host-galaxy NUV-NIR data of SNe (Perley+, 2016)J/ApJ/845/85 : Absorption vel. for 21 super-luminous SNe Ic (Liu+, 2017)J/ApJ/836/25 : Swift UVOT light curves of ASASSN-15lh (Margutti+, 2017)J/ApJ/835/58 : PTF 12dam & iPTF 13dcc follow-up (Vreeswijk+, 2017)J/ApJ/852/81 : PS1 superluminous SNe LCs + classif. spectra (Lunnan+, 2018)J/ApJ/860/100 : LCs of 26 hydrogen-poor superluminous SNe (De Cia+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/45https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/45http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/45https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/45https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/45http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/45GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/864/45/slsne (Nearby hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) (Tables 1-3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/45/slsne?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/45/slsne?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/45/slsne?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true218.114145833.54023060.0055555555555555566/2153 4544 4552 7835 9107 9147 9231 10122 10306 10705 10988 17683 17741 17789 19809 24849 25516 25684 26634 26983 27348 31518 33009 33303 35934 43945https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/864/45?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/864/45/slsneNearby hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) (Tables 1-3)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSetSample identifier (1)meta.id;src.samplecharSNSN namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryONameOther namemeta.idcharz[0.09/1.2] Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatf_z[p] Flag on z (2)meta.codecharDist[463/8310] Luminosity distanceMpcpos.distancefloatMJD[53787/57438]? Discovery datedtime.epochfloatnullablef_MJDFlag on MJD (2)meta.codecharMJDe[53767/57393] Inferred explosion datedtime.epochfloatf_MJDeFlag on MJDe (2)meta.codecharNHmw[0.7/9.5] Hydrogen column density NH_MW_1e+20cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharNobsNumber of X-ray observations for this SN (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/864/45/table5X-ray observations of SLSNe-IrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNSN name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharONameOther namemeta.idcharMJDst[53949/57667.1] Modified Julian Date of observation startdtime.epochdoubleMJDend[53949/57667.1] Modified Julian Date of observation endingdtime.epochdoublel_FluxLimit flag on Fluxmeta.code.error;phot.fluxcharFlux[0.06/2412] Unabsorbed flux in 0.3-10keV band (2)1e-17W.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.mediumfloate_Flux[0.03]? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in Flux1e-17W.m**-2stat.error;phot.fluxfloatnullableInstInstrument used in the observation (Swift-XRT, XMM or Chandra)instr.setup;obschar