J/ApJ/864/154ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/864/154doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18640154CDSDutta S.Mondal S.Samal M.R.Jose J.2020-03-26T14:18:40Z2019-09-27T13:19:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryyoung-stellar-objectsinterstellar-mediummolecular-cloudsThe Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs) are possible representations of the initial conditions and very early stages of star formation. With the objective of understanding better the star and star cluster formation, we probe the molecular cloud associated with PGCC G108.37-01.06 (hereafter PG108.3), which can be traced in a velocity range of -57 to -51km/s. The INT Photometric H{alpha} Survey images reveal H{alpha} emission at various locations around PG108.3, and optical spectroscopy of the bright sources in those zones of H{alpha} emission discloses two massive ionizing sources with spectral type O8-O9V and B1V. Using the radio continuum, we estimate ionizing gas parameters and find the dynamical ages of HII regions associated with the massive stars in the range of 0.5-0.75Myr. Based on the stellar surface density map constructed from the deep near-infrared Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope observations, we find two prominent star clusters in PG108.3; of these, the cluster associated with H ii region S148 is moderately massive (~240M_{sun}_). A careful inspection of James Clerk Maxwell telescope ^13^CO (3-2) molecular data exhibits that the massive cluster is associated with a number of filamentary structures. Several embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) are also identified in PG108.3 along the length and junction of filaments. We find evidence of a velocity gradient along the length of the filaments. Along with kinematics of the filaments and the distribution of ionized, molecular gas and YSOs, we suggest that the cluster formation is most likely due to the longitudinal collapse of the most massive filament in PG108.3.2018ApJ...864..154Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/864/154CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/195 : Atlas of Optical Spectral Classification OB Stars (Walborn+ 1990)III/181 : Near Infrared Spectra of Normal Stars (Torres-Dodgen+ 1993)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)VII/20 : Catalogue of HII Regions (Sharpless 1959)VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)J/ApJS/91/659 : Ultracompact HII regions radio images (Kurtz+ 1994)J/AJ/109/1379 : Praesepe & M 67 spectral standards (Allen+ 1995)J/ApJ/578/914 : Low-mass stars in Taurus (Hartmann, 2002)J/ApJ/573/366 : Infrared photometry of Trapezium cluster (Muench+, 2002)J/AJ/127/3235 : HIRES atlas of all RBGS galaxies (Surace+, 2004)J/ApJ/651/502 : Spitzer IRAC photom. of M, L, and T dwarfs (Patten+, 2006)J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)J/ApJ/688/1142 : Star formation in W5: Spitzer observations (Koenig+, 2008)J/MNRAS/383/1241 : UBVIc photometry of cluster Berkeley 59 (Pandey+, 2008)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/MNRAS/392/1034 : IZJHKL' photometry of NGC 6611 (Oliveira+, 2009)J/ApJS/187/251 : Ultradeep Ks imaging in the GOODS-N (Wang+, 2010)J/AJ/141/123 : Molecular clouds associated with HII regions (Azimlu+, 2011)J/MNRAS/415/1202 : BVI photometry in W5E HII region (Chauhan+, 2011)J/A+A/527/A135 : Massive Dense Cores in Cygnus-X (Csengeri+, 2011)J/ApJ/756/76 : Planck cold dust clumps CO survey (Wu+, 2012)J/MNRAS/432/3445 : YSOs on HII complex Sh2-252 (Jose+, 2013)J/ApJ/779/113 : IR photometry of YSOs in the W40 region (Mallick+, 2013)J/ApJS/209/37 : Planck cold clumps in ^12^CO, ^13^CO & C^18^O (Meng+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/172 : UBVRI photometry of stars toward NGC 1931 (Pandey+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/MNRAS/443/1614 : YSOs in BRC 5, 7 and 39 (Panwar+, 2014)J/A+A/561/A83 : SDC13 infrared dark clouds spectra (Peretto+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A122 : JHK and IRAC photometry of Sh2-90 YSOs (Samal+, 2014)J/MNRAS/454/3597 : NGC 2282 BVI Ha observations (Dutta+, 2015)J/A+A/581/A140 : VISTA Orion mini-survey (Spezzi+, 2015)J/A+A/588/A104 : Molecular clouds and star formation (Gong+, 2016)J/ApJ/822/49 : YSO cand. in AFGL 333 with NEWFIRM & Spitzer (Jose+, 2016)J/ApJ/818/95 : YSO candidates within 5' from the IR bubble N4 (Liu+, 2016)J/A+A/594/A28 : Planck Cat. of Galactic cold clumps (PGCC) (Planck+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/43 : Planck cold clumps & cores in 2nd quadrant (Zhang+, 2016)J/A+A/606/A123 : Molecular maps of NGC1333 (Hacar+, 2017)J/ApJ/836/98 : YSOs search in Stock 8 with opt. to IR photom. (Jose+, 2017)J/AJ/155/44 : PMS stars in young cluster Berkeley 59 (Panwar+, 2018)J/ApJS/236/49 : CO+850um obs. of Planck Galactic cold clumps (Zhang+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/154https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/154http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/154https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/154https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/154http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/154GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/864/154/table3 (Catalog of YSOs towards PG108.3 cloud complex)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/154/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/154/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/154/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true344.0299658.547460.0055555555555555566/14304 143063.9193497546148093e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/864/154?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/864/154/table3Catalog of YSOs towards PG108.3 cloud complexrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintType[1/4] Source type code (1)meta.codeintRAJ2000[343.96/344.21] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[58.34/58.58] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag[12.6/17.1]? Apparent 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag[11.9/19.3] Apparent CFHT/WIRCam H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0.009/0.1] Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsmag[10.6/17.5] Apparent CFHT/WIRCam Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.009/0.1] Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloat3.6mag[11.5/16]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0.005/0.2]? Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag[10.8/15.2]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0.006/0.2]? Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullable