J/ApJ/864/150ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/864/150doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18640150CDSVulic N.Hornschemeier A.E.Wik D.R.Yukita M.Zezas A.Ptak A.F.,Lehmer B.D.Antoniou V.Maccarone T.J.Williams B.F.Fornasini F.M.2025-02-20T20:12:57Z2023-10-09T08:06:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frblack-holesneutron-starsx-ray-sourcesgalaxiesNearby galaxy surveys have long classified X-ray binaries (XRBs) by the mass category of their donor stars (high-mass and low-mass). The NuSTAR observatory, which provides imaging data at E>10keV, has enabled the classification of extragalactic XRBs by their compact object type: neutron star (NS) or black hole (BH). We analyzed NuSTAR/Chandra/XMM-Newton observations from a NuSTAR-selected sample of 12 galaxies within 5 Mpc having stellar masses (M_*_) 10^7-11^M_{sun}_ and star formation rates (SFRs)~0.01-15M_{sun}_/yr. We detected 128 NuSTAR sources to a sensitivity of ~10^38^erg/s. Using NuSTAR color-intensity and color-color diagrams we classified 43 of these sources as candidate NSs and 47 as candidate BHs. We further subdivide BHs by accretion states (soft, intermediate, and hard) and NSs by weak (Z/Atoll) and strong (accreting pulsar) magnetic field. Using eight normal (Milky Way-type) galaxies in the sample, we confirm the relation between the SFR and galaxy X-ray point source luminosity in the 4-25 and 12-25keV energy bands. We also constrained galaxy X-ray point source luminosity using the relation L_X_={alpha}.M_*_+{beta}SFR, finding agreement with previous work. The X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of all sources in the 4-25 and 12-25keV energy bands matches the {alpha}=1.6 slope for high-mass XRBs. We find that NS XLFs suggest a decline beginning at the Eddington limit for a 1.4M_{sun}_ NS, whereas the BH fraction shows an approximate monotonic increase in the 4-25 and 12-25keV energy bands. We calculate the overall ratio of BH to NS to be ~1 for 4-25keV and ~2 for 12-25keV.2018ApJ...864..150Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/864/150CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)B/xmm : XMM-Newton Observation Log (XMM-Newton Science Operation Center, 2012)VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)J/ApJ/554/202 : ROSAT X-ray observations of M81 (Immler+, 2001)J/A+A/373/63 : M31 second ROSAT PSPC survey (Supper+, 2001)J/ApJ/577/738 : M31 Chandra X-ray point sources (Kong+, 2002)J/ApJS/144/213 : Chandra X-ray observations of M81 (Swartz+, 2003)J/ApJ/602/231 : Chandra X-ray point sources in nearby galaxies (Colbert+, 2004)J/AJ/127/1531 : Star formation history of SMC (Harris+, 2004)J/ApJ/609/735 : M31 Chandra X-ray sources (Williams+, 2004)J/ApJS/154/519 : Properties of ultraluminous X-ray candidates (Swartz+, 2004)J/A+A/451/457 : X-ray properties of AGN in CDFS (Tozzi+, 2006)J/A+A/475/775 : INTEGRAL all-sky survey of hard X-ray sources (Krivonos+, 2007)J/ApJS/173/185 : GALEX UV atlas of nearby galaxies (Gil de Paz+, 2007)J/ApJ/682/1020 : X-ray sources in NGC 4194 and NGC 7541 (Kaaret+, 2008)J/ApJ/687/471 : Observational comparison between ULXs and XRBs (Berghea+, 2008)J/A+A/495/733 : XMM-Newton spectral survey of M31 disc (Shaw+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/517 : The Spitzer Local Volume Legacy: IR photometry (Dale+, 2009)J/AJ/138/1243 : The star formation history of the LMC (Harris+, 2009)J/ApJ/721/1843 : Swift-BAT survey of Galactic sources (Voss+, 2010)J/ApJS/192/6 : A GALEX UV imaging survey of nearby galaxies (Lee+, 2011)J/ApJS/192/10 : Chandra ACIS survey in 383 nearby galaxies. I. (Liu, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/1329 : M82 X-ray sources long-term variability (Chiang+, 2011)J/ApJ/735/26 : Chandra observations of M81 (Sell+, 2011)J/A+A/534/A55 : Deep XMM-Newton Survey of M31 (Stiele+, 2011)J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)J/ApJ/749/21 : AGNs detected by 60 month Swift/BAT survey (Ajello+, 2012)J/ApJS/201/34 : Swift-INTEGRAL X-ray (SIX) survey (Bottacini+, 2012)J/A+A/545/A27 : INTEGRAL/IBIS 9-yr Galactic hard X-ray survey (Krivonos+, 2012)J/ApJ/758/15 : Chandra X-ray point sources of NGC 300 (Binder+, 2012)J/ApJ/761/16 : IR colors of the Sun from Line-Depth Ratios (Casagrande+, 2012)J/AJ/145/101 : Updated nearby galaxy catalog (Karachentsev+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/AJ/146/86 : Cosmicflows-2 catalog (CF2) (Tully+, 2013)J/ApJ/776/L31 : Energy feedback from XRB from z=0 to z=19.92 (Fragos+, 2013)J/ApJ/780/83 : X-ray binaries observed in M31 with Chandra (Barnard+, 2014)J/A+A/563/A2 : X-ray monitoring of M31 novae (Henze+, 2014)J/MNRAS/440/405 : Brightest galaxies in Local Volume (McCall, 2014)J/ApJS/212/21 : A deep Chandra ACIS survey of M83 (Long+, 2014)J/A+A/586/A81 : High-mass X-ray binaries in the SMC (Haberl+, 2016)J/ApJS/222/15 : WATCHDOG: an all-sky database of Gal. BHXBs (Tetarenko+, 2016)J/A+A/587/A61 : BlackCAT, BH in X-ray trans. (Corral-Santana+, 2016)J/MNRAS/459/140 : M81, LMC and 3C 273/Coma 17-60keV obs. (Mereminskiy+, 2016)J/ApJ/825/7 : Evolution of ~6Ms CDF-S galaxies (Lehmer+, 2016)J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)J/ApJ/829/20 : Chandra ACIS survey in nearby galaxies. II (Wang+, 2016)J/MNRAS/461/3443 : M31 deepest Chandra catalog of point sources (Vulic+, 2016)J/A+A/597/A12 : LMC X-3 formation history (Sorensen+, 2017)J/ApJ/846/145 : PHAT. XIX. Formation history of M31 disk (Williams+, 2017)http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/nustar/numaster.html : NuSTAR master cat.https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/150https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/150http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/150https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/150https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/150http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/150GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/864/150/table1 (Galaxy properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.68541.2690.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/864/150/table2 (NuSTAR, Chandra, and XMM-Newton observations of the NuSTAR galaxy sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true213.3888-65.32070.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/864/150/table3 (NuSTAR point source properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/150/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true213.16255611-65.392238890.0055555555555555566/2623 2666 2709 3506-3507 7606 7799 11127 16653 16655 16666 33193 41586 43233 43881https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/864/150?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/864/150/table1Galaxy propertiesNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000[10.6/213.3] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-66.5/70.8] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainMTypeMorphological type from HyperLedasrc.morph.typecharD25[2.5/178] Major isophotal diameter for {mu}_B_=25mag/arcsec^2^arcminphys.angSizefloatInc[14/90] Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationintd25[2/69.2] Minor isophotal diameter for {mu}_B_=25mag/arcsec^2^phys.angSizefloatScale[3.7/23.7] Linear scale in pc represening 1" at the adopted distancepcpos.distance;instr.scalefloate_Dist[0.04/0.8] Dist 1{sigma} uncertaintypcstat.errorfloatNH[1.4/60] Hydrogen column density from Kalberla+ (2005, VIII/76)1e+20cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatMs[0.02/94] Stellar mass (2)1e+09solMassphys.massfloatSFR[0.01/12.6] Star formation rate (2)solMass/yrphys.SFRfloatNobsNumber of X-ray observations for this galaxy (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullableNsNumber of point sources for this galaxy (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableLEDAmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_GalFlag on Gal (1)meta.codecharDist[0.7/5] Distance from Tully+ 2013, J/AJ/146/86; except for Circinus (Tully+ 2009AJ....138..323T)Mpcpos.distancefloatJ/ApJ/864/150/table2NuSTAR, Chandra, and XMM-Newton observations of the NuSTAR galaxy samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObsObservatory (1)meta.id;instr.obstycharObsIDObservation IDmeta.id;obsDateDate of observation (UT)time.epochnullableRAJ2000[10.6/213.4]? Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000[-66.6/70.8]? Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableLivetime[2.6/272]? Eposure time of the cleaned event filekstime.epoch;meta.filefloatnullableGalGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharJ/ApJ/864/150/table3NuSTAR point source propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/25] Point source identifier within Gal (1)meta.id.part;meta.mainintRAJ2000[11.8/214] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-67/71] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainCR4-6keV[0.39/1559] Soft (4-6keV) count rate (2)0.0001count.s**-1phot.count;em.X-rayfloatE_CR4-6keV[0/37] Upper uncertainty on CR4-6keV (3)0.0001count.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_CR4-6keV[0/38] Lower uncertainty on CR4-6keV (3)0.0001count.s**-1stat.errorfloatGalGalaxy namemeta.id.part;meta.maincharCR6-12keV[0.79/2202] Medium (6-12keV) count rate (2)0.0001count.s**-1phot.count;em.X-rayfloatE_CR6-12keV[0/20] Upper uncertainty on CR6-12keV (3)0.0001count.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_CR6-12keV[0/35] Lower uncertainty on CR6-12keV (3)0.0001count.s**-1stat.errorfloatCR12-25keV[0.39/476] Hard (12-25keV) count rate (2)0.0001count.s**-1phot.count;em.X-rayfloatE_CR12-25keV[0/14] Upper uncertainty on CR12-25keV (3)0.0001count.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_CR12-25keV[0/14] Lower uncertainty ob CR12-25keV (3)0.0001count.s**-1stat.errorfloatCR4-25keV[2/4895] Full (4-25keV) count rate (2)0.0001count.s**-1phot.count;em.X-rayfloatE_CR4-25keV[0/52] Upper uncertainty on CR4-25keV (3)0.0001count.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_CR4-25keV[0/61] Lower uncertainty on CR4-25keV (3)0.0001count.s**-1stat.errorfloatHR1[-0.45/0.95] Hardness ratio HR1=(M-S)/(M+S) (4)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatE_HR1[0/0.93] Upper uncertainty on HR1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_HR1[0/0.42] Lower uncertainty on HR1stat.errorfloatHR2[-0.93/0.41] Hardness ratio HR2=(H-M)/(H+M) (4)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatE_HR2[0/0.75] Upper uncertainty on HR2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_HR2[0/0.27] Lower uncertainty on HR2stat.errorfloatLX[0.12/366] 4-25keV X-ray luminosity in 10^38^erg/s (4)(5)1e+31Wphys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatE_LX[0/4] Upper uncertainty on LX1e+31Wstat.error;stat.maxfloate_LX[0/5] Lower uncertainty on LX1e+31Wstat.errorfloatTypeSource type (BH=47 occurrences or NS=43 occurrences)src.classcharStateState (6)src.classchar