J/ApJ/862/96ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/96doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18620096CDSLewis A.J.R.Ivison R.J.Best P.N.Simpson J.M.Weiss A.Oteo I.,Zhang Z.-Y.Arumugam V.Bremer M.N.Chapman S.C.Clements D.L.,Dannerbauer H.Dunne L.Eales S.Maddox S.Oliver S.J.Omont A.,Riechers D.A.Serjeant S.Valiante E.Wardlow J.van der Werf P.,De Zotti G.2021-02-23T11:41:09Z2019-10-31T08:36:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinfrared-sourcesmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyinfrared-photometrystellar-atmospheric-opacityredshiftedWe present images obtained with LABOCA of a sample of 22 galaxies selected via their red Herschel SPIRE colors. We aim to see if these luminous, rare, and distant galaxies are signposting dense regions in the early universe. Our 870{mu}m survey covers an area of ~1deg^2^ down to an average rms of 3.9mJy/beam, with our five deepest maps going 2x deeper still. We catalog 86 dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) around our "signposts," detected above a significance of 3.5{sigma}. This implies a 100+/-30% overdensity of S_870_>8.5mJy (or L_FIR_=6.7x10^12^-2.9x10^13^L_{sun}_) DSFGs, excluding our signposts, when comparing our number counts to those in "blank fields." Thus, we are 99.93% confident that our signposts are pinpointing overdense regions in the universe, and 95% [50%] confident that these regions are overdense by a factor of at least >=1.5x[2x]. Using template spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and SPIRE/LABOCA photometry, we derive a median photometric redshift of z=3.2+/-0.2 for our signposts, with an inter-quartile range of z=2.8-3.6, somewhat higher than expected for 850{mu}m selected galaxies. We constrain the DSFGs that are likely responsible for this overdensity to within |{delta}_z_|<=0.65 of their respective signposts. These "associated" DSFGs are radially distributed within (physical) distances of 1.6+/-0.5Mpc from their signposts, have median star formation rates (SFRs) of ~(1.0+/-0.2)x10^3^M_{sun}_/yr (for a Salpeter stellar initial mass function) and median gas reservoirs of ~1.7x10^11^M_{sun}_. These candidate protoclusters have average total SFRs of at least ~(2.3+/-0.5)x10^3^M_{sun}_/yr and space densities of 9x10^-7^Mpc^-3^, consistent with the idea that their constituents may evolve to become massive early-type galaxies in the centers of the rich galaxy clusters we see today.2018ApJ...862...96Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/862/96CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/95 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)J/ApJ/563/629 : VIK' photo and redshifts of galaxy clusters (Nelson+, 2001)J/ApJ/622/772 : Redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies (Chapman+, 2005)J/ApJ/621/673 : Line indices for 124 early-type galaxies (Thomas+, 2005)J/AJ/131/1288 : Composite spectra of early-type galaxies (Bernardi+, 2006)J/MNRAS/372/1621 : SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey. II (Coppin+, 2006)J/MNRAS/380/199 : SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey. III (Ivison+, 2007)J/ApJ/704/548 : Photometric prop of galaxies at z=4-6 (Overzier+, 2009)J/ApJ/707/1201 : LABOCA ECDFS Submillimeter Survey (LESS) (Weiss+, 2009)J/A+A/513/A53 : LABOCA 870um images of evolved stars (Ladjal+, 2010)J/ApJ/719/763 : Millimeter-wave sources in the SPT survey (Vieira+, 2010)J/A+A/527/A145 : Chamaeleon I 870um sources (Belloche+, 2011)J/MNRAS/413/2314 : Radio & mid-IR counterpart of submm galaxies (Biggs+, 2011)J/A+A/542/A101 : LABOCA 870um map 4 Galactic plane fields (Miettinen, 2012)J/MNRAS/436/1919 : SCUBA observations of COSMOS galaxies (Casey+, 2013)J/A+A/570/A55 : Spiderweb galaxy 870um & 1.4GHz images (Dannerbauer+, 2014)J/ApJ/783/84 : ALMA obs in 107 galaxies at z=0.2-2.5 (Scoville+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/125 : ALMA survey of ECDFS submillimeter galaxies (Simpson+,2014)J/ApJ/812/43 : ALMA 870um obs. of HerMES galaxies (Bussmann+, 2015)J/MNRAS/462/1989 : HerMES Large Mode Survey catalogue (Asboth+, 2016)J/MNRAS/462/3146 : Herschel-ATLAS DR1 (HATLAS) (Valiante+, 2016)J/MNRAS/465/1789 : SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (Geach+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/96https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/96http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/96https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/96https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/96http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/96GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/862/96/table1 (Targets and their properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/96/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/96/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/96/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.3530417-35.70380560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/862/96/dsfg (Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) parameters (Tables 4 and 5))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/96/dsfg?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/96/dsfg?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/96/dsfg?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.3536667-35.70338890.0055555555555555566/4096 16410 16439 16479 17693 17695 17713 18142 19462 25951 33944 33948 35379 35385 35474 35475 35476 35570 35580 35645 35658 35680 35693 35740 35926 35927 46898 46899https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/862/96?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJ/862/96/table1Targets and their propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNfNumber of field galaxies around this "signpost" (link to Tables 4 and 5)meta.numberintnullableTargetTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTint[0.5/16.6] Integration timehtime.epochfloattau[0.2/0.4] Average opacity value ({tau})phys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatsigma[1.7/8] Average sensitivity of the map ({sigma}) (1)mJy/beaminstr.sensitivityfloatOmega[112/137] Extent of LABOCA map ({Omega})arcmin**2phys.angSizeintDateDate of observationtime.epochnullablePIDProgram identifiermeta.id;obscharJ/ApJ/862/96/dsfgDusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) parameters (Tables 4 and 5)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTargetTarget nameobs.fieldcharIDName of the dusty star-forming galaxy (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_ID[b,t ] Flag(s) on ID (1)meta.notecharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainS250[-4/97.2] Herschel/SPIRE 250um peak flux density (2)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloate_S250[5.1/11.5] Error on S250mJy/beamstat.errorfloatS350[-9/106] Herschel/SPIRE 350um peak flux density (2)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloate_S350[6.1/12] Error on S350mJy/beamstat.errorfloatS500[-15.2/125] Herschel/SPIRE 500um peak flux density (2)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzfloate_S500[6.8/12.5] Error on S500mJy/beamstat.errorfloatS870[3.2/81.7] LABOCA 870um peak flux density (2)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_S870[1.1/8.4] Error on S870mJy/beamstat.errorfloatB[1/7.7]? Mean flux boosting parameter (3)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableF[0.5/1]? Mean fidelity parameter (4)stat.likelihood;obsfloatnullablef_zphot[b] Flag on zphot (1)meta.codecharzphot[0.9/7.3]? Photometric redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullablee_zphot[0.1/4.1]? Lower error on redshift (2)stat.errorfloatnullableE_zphot[0.1/6.3]? Upper error on redshift (2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableChi2[0.01/33]? {chi}^2^ valuestat.fit.chi2floatnullablelogLfir[11/14]? log of FIR luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosity;em.IRfloatnullablee_logLfir[0.02/1.3]? Lower error on logLfirlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullableE_logLfir[0.02/1]? Upper error on LogLfirlog(solLum)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar