J/ApJ/862/73ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/73doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18620073CDSLuan L.Jones C.Forman W.R.Bogdan A.Andrade-Santos F.,Goulding A.D.Hickox R.C.Hou M.Li Z.2019-11-27T11:34:50Z2019-08-20T10:48:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesx-ray-sourcesglobular-star-clustersx-ray-binary-starsWe present a study of X-ray source populations in M87, the cD galaxy of the Virgo cluster, using 12 archival Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~680ks spanning about a decade. A total of 346 point-like sources are detected down to a limiting 0.5-8keV luminosity of 4x10^37^erg/s and out to a galactocentric radius of ~40kpc. We cross-correlate the X-ray sources with published catalogs of globular clusters (GCs), derived from the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey and the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. This results in 122 matches, making it one of the largest samples of GC-hosting X-ray sources in an external galaxy. These sources, most likely low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), correspond to ~5% of all known GCs within the Chandra field-of-view. Conversely, ~50% of the detected X-ray sources are found in a GC. Moreover, red (metal-rich) GCs are ~2.2 times more likely to host an X-ray source than blue (metal-poor) GCs. We also examine 76 currently known ultra-compact dwarf galaxies around M87 but find no significant X-ray counterparts. After statistically accounting for the cosmic X-ray background, we identify ~110 field-LMXBs. The GC-LMXBs and field-LMXBs differ in their luminosity function and radial distribution, which indicates that the latter cannot be primarily originated from GCs. Using another set of deep Chandra observations toward ~100kpc northwest of the M87 center, we statistically constrain the abundance of field-LMXBs in the stellar halo, which is consistent with that found in the central region. We also identify 40 variable X-ray sources, among which one source is likely a black hole binary residing in a GC.2018ApJ...862...73Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/862/73CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)V/148 : The MORX catalogue (Flesch, 2016)J/AJ/115/1801 : VRI photometry of M87 globular clusters (Harris+ 1998)J/ApJ/513/733 : Globular cluster system in M87 (Kundu+, 1999)J/MNRAS/328/461 : X-ray luminosities of early-type galaxies (O'Sullivan+, 2001)J/ApJ/554/L129 : X-ray lum.-vel. dispersion relation (Mahdavi+, 2001)J/ApJ/559/812 : Globular cluster system in M87 (Hanes+, 2001)J/ApJ/613/279 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. III. M87 (Jordan+, 2004)J/A+A/447/71 : CHANDRA X-ray point sources in Cen A (NGC 5128) (Voss+, 2006)J/ApJS/169/401 : ChaMP X-ray point source catalog (Kim+, 2007)J/ApJS/180/54 : Globular cluster cand. in ACS Virgo survey. (Jordan+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/110 : Galactic center X-ray sources (Muno+, 2009)J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)J/ApJ/704/1570 : Fitting LINERs within the AGN family (Gonzalez-Martin+, 2009)J/ApJ/706/223 : X-ray point sources near the Galactic Center (Hong+, 2009)J/ApJ/714/25 : AMUSE-Virgo survey. II. (Gallo+, 2010)J/ApJS/187/135 : SEDs of weak AGNs associated with LINERs (Eracleous+, 2010)J/ApJ/736/90 : Chandra X-ray sources of NGC 1399 (Paolillo+, 2011)J/AJ/141/129 : Chandra Transmission Grating Data Cat. (Huenemoerder+, 2011)J/AJ/144/11 : IR imaging, SEDs, Spitzer spectra of 22 AGNs (Mason+, 2012)J/ApJ/773/L27 : Globular clusters in ACSVCS early-type galaxies (Park+, 2013)J/ApJS/227/12 : NGVS XXV. Virgo globular clusters photometry (Powalka+, 2016)J/ApJ/835/212 : Wide-field spectrosc. survey of GCs in Virgo (Ko+, 2017)J/ApJ/835/223 : A catalog of nearby galaxies with Chandra obs. (She+, 2017)J/ApJS/235/26 : Ultradeep cat. of X-ray point sources in the GC (Zhu+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/73https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/73GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/862/73/table1 (Log of Chandra observations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true187.70583312.3911110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/862/73/table2 (X-ray point sources in the Center-Field)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true187.53512512.391150.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/862/73/table3 (X-ray point sources in the Off-Field)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true187.354083312.692050.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/862/73/table5 (Spurious sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/73/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true187.643416712.32405830.0055555555555555566/27765 27767 27938https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/862/73?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/862/73/table1Log of Chandra observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldc=center or o=off (see the "Description" section above)meta.codecharObsID[1808/16593] Chandra obsIDmeta.noteintRAJ2000[12] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[12] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDateObservation date (UT)time.epoch;obsnullableExp[12.8/156.2] Exposure timekstime.duration;obs.exposurefloatCCDsCCD identifier(s)meta.id;instrcharJ/ApJ/862/73/table2X-ray point sources in the Center-FieldrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/346] Sequential running numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[12] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[12] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainePos[0.04/3.3] Positional error (1)arcsecstat.error;posfloatl_S1Upper limit flag for S1 (2)meta.code.errorcharS1[0.3/457] Photon Flux, 0.5-2keV1e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-ray.softfloatE_S1? Upper uncertainty in S11e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_S1? Lower uncertainty in S11e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullablel_S2Upper limit flag for S2 (2)meta.code.errorcharS2[0.3/248] Photon Flux, 2-8keV1e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-ray.mediumfloatE_S2? Upper uncertainty in S21e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_S2? Lower uncertainty in S21e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableS3[0.3/715] Photon Flux, 0.5-8keV1e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-rayfloatE_S3Upper uncertainty in S31e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_S3Lower uncertainty in S31e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatF0.5-8[0.1/251] Unabsorbed energy flux, 0.5-8keV, in units of 10^-15^erg/cm^2^/s1e-15mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloatRatio[1.5/12.5]? Max/Min Flux ratio (3)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableNoteNote(s) (4)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/862/73/table3X-ray point sources in the Off-FieldNoteNote(s) (4)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/346] Sequential running numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[12] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[12] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainePos[0.04/3.3] Positional error (1)arcsecstat.error;posfloatl_S1Upper limit flag for S1 (2)meta.code.errorcharS1[0.3/457] Photon Flux, 0.5-2keV1e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-ray.softfloatE_S1? Upper uncertainty in S11e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_S1? Lower uncertainty in S11e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullablel_S2Upper limit flag for S2 (2)meta.code.errorcharS2[0.3/248] Photon Flux, 2-8keV1e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-ray.mediumfloatE_S2? Upper uncertainty in S21e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_S2? Lower uncertainty in S21e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableS3[0.3/715] Photon Flux, 0.5-8keV1e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-rayfloatE_S3Upper uncertainty in S31e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_S3Lower uncertainty in S31e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatF0.5-8[0.1/251] Unabsorbed energy flux, 0.5-8keV, in units of 10^-15^erg/cm^2^/s1e-15mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloatRatio[1.5/12.5]? Max/Min Flux ratio (3)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableJ/ApJ/862/73/table5Spurious sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/299] Sequential running numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[12] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[12] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.main