J/ApJ/862/13ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/13doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18620013CDSYu S.-Y.Ho L.C.Barth A.J.Li Z.-Y.2020-04-27T13:15:16Z2019-08-14T14:38:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesphotometrygalaxy-classification-systemssurveysThe Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey provides high-quality broadband optical images of a large sample of nearby galaxies for detailed study of their structure. To probe the physical nature and possible cosmological evolution of spiral arms, a common feature of many disk galaxies, it is important to quantify their main characteristics. We describe robust methods to measure the number of arms and their mean strength, length, and pitch angle. The arm strength depends only weakly on the adopted radii over which it is measured, and it is stronger in bluer bands than redder bands. The vast majority of clearly two-armed ("grand-design") spiral galaxies have a systematically higher relative amplitude of the m=2 Fourier mode in the main spiral region. We use both one-dimensional and two-dimensional Fourier decomposition to measure the pitch angle, finding reasonable agreement between these two techniques with a scatter of ~2{deg}. To understand the applicability and limitations of our methodology to imaging surveys of local and distant galaxies, we create mock images with properties resembling observations of local (z<~0.1) galaxies by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and distant galaxies (0.1<~z<~1.1) observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. These simulations lay the foundation for forthcoming quantitative statistical studies of spiral structure to understand its formation mechanism, dependence on galaxy properties, and cosmological evolution.2018ApJ...862...13Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/862/13CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)J/ApJ/542/673 : Morphological types of galaxies in clusters (Fasano+, 2000)J/ApJS/147/1 : Classification of nearby galaxies (Conselice+, 2003)J/A+A/423/849 : Spiral galaxies observed in the K band (Grosbol, 2004)J/A+A/438/507 : Degree of lopsidedness for galaxies (Bournaud+, 2005)J/MNRAS/397/1756 : Fourier-derived param. of the CIG sample (Durbala+, 2009)J/PASP/122/1397 : Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Gal. (Sheth+, 2010)J/ApJS/197/21 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS). I. (Ho+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/22 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (GGS). II. (Li+, 2011)J/ApJS/219/4 : S4G pipeline 4: multi-component decompositions (Salo+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/862/13https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/862/13GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/862/13/table1 (Properties of spiral arms)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/13/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/13/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/862/13/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true264.8811042-85.31041670.0055555555555555566/16441 16531 16871 16886 16898 17038 17235 17245 17281 17286 17594 17688 17747 17754 17980 20720 20865 20896 21026 21155 21198 21207 21242 21256 21584 22610 22654 22751 24643 24735 24748 24912 24949 25046 25047 25051 25104 25127 25135 25205 25230 25344 25350 25438 25439 25518 25599 25715 25726 25742 25779 25788 25790 25889 25946 25997 26113 26128 26148 26175 26758 27030 29795 32793 33193 33228 33242 33526 33654 33795 33835 33920 33958 34328 34334 34343 34403 34404 34495 34533 34545 34888 34910 35193 35691 35746 35827 35993 36049 36081 36107 36131 36134 36240 36258 36261 36266 36287 36332 36377 36380 36769 36785 36789 36796 36990 37116 37429 37436 37601 37637 37959 38079 38139 38313 38645 38655 38671 38701 38703 38817 38841 38872 38956 40210 40300 40304 40328 40337 40377 40442 40472 40556 40722 40775 40980 41054 41082 41286 41430 41968 41987 42016 42025 42027 42032 42113 43219 43245 43277 43299 43311 43326 43339 43342 43621 43671 43733 43787 43865 43876 43881 43920 43925 43955 44027 44203 44416 44422 44660 44718 44741 44817 44896 44900 45109 45178 45307 45418 45497 45748 45802 45803 45809 45905 46001 46004 46170 46327 46398 46399 46438 46460 46479 46481 46491 46519 46525 46549 46615 46738 46812 46987 47158 47178 47456 48292 48665https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/862/13?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/862/13/table1Properties of spiral armse_Larm[0/57]? Uncertainty in Larmarcsecstat.errorintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharTTypeHubble morphology typesrc.morph.typecharACArm class from this work (1)src.classcharElmAC[1/12]? Elmegreen & Elmegreen (1987ApJ...314....3E & 1995ApJ...445..591E) arm class (2)src.classintnullableell[0.03/0.6] Ellipticity (3)src.ellipticityfloatPAPosition angle (3)degpos.posAngfloatM1D[1/4]? The 1D method Fourier mode chosen for further analysismeta.noteintnullableM2D[2/4]? The 2D method Fourier mode chosen for further analysismeta.noteintnullableRR1Dlo[4/152]? Lower 1D method radial rangearcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullableRR1Dup[19/245]? Upper 1D method radial rangearcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullableRR2Dlo[4/140]? Lower 2D method radial rangearcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullableRR2up[29/236]? Upper 2D method radial rangearcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullableLarm[27/668]? Spiral arm lengtharcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullableSB[0.06/0.96]? Mean strength for B imagesrc.morph.paramfloatnullablee_SB[0.01/0.09]? Uncertainty in SBstat.errorfloatnullableSV[0.05/0.94] Mean strength for V imagesrc.morph.paramfloate_SV[0.01/0.08] Uncertainty in SVstat.errorfloatSR[0.06/0.95] Mean strength for R imagesrc.morph.paramfloate_SR[0.01/0.08] Uncertainty in SRstat.errorfloatSI[0.06/0.92] Mean strength for I imagesrc.morph.paramfloate_SI[0.0/0.08] Uncertainty in SIstat.errorfloatS2[0.03/0.8]? Mean relative amplitude of m=2 Fourier mode for R imagesrc.var.amplitudefloatnullablePitch2DB[6.3/43]? Pitch angle using 2DDFT for B imagedegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_Pitch2DB[0.4/7.3]? Uncertainty in Pitch2DBdegstat.errorfloatnullablePitch2DV[6.3/43]? Pitch angle using 2DDFT for V imagedegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_Pitch2DV[0.4/8.7]? Uncertainty in Pitch2DVdegstat.errorfloatnullablePitch2DR[6/46.7]? Pitch angle using 2DDFT for R imagedegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_Pitch2DR[0.5/9.2]? Uncertainty in Pitch2DRdegstat.errorfloatnullablePitch2DI[6/44.4]? Pitch angle using 2DDFT for I imagedegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_Pitch2DI[0.4/9.2]? Uncertainty in Pitch2DIdegstat.errorfloatnullablePitch1DB[3.8/43.2]? Pitch angle using 1DDFT for B imagedegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_Pitch1DB[0.2/4.6]? Uncertainty in Pitch1DBdegstat.errorfloatnullablePitch1DV[4.7/46]? Pitch angle using 1DDFT for V imagedegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_Pitch1DV[0.2/4]? Uncertainty in Pitch1DVdegstat.errorfloatnullablePitch1DR[4.2/46]? Pitch angle using 1DDFT for R imagedegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_Pitch1DR[0.2/4]? Uncertainty in Pitch1DRdegstat.errorfloatnullablePitch1DI[4.4/48.4]? Pitch angle using 1DDFT for I imagedegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_Pitch1DI[0.2/4]? Uncertainty in Pitch1DIdegstat.errorfloatnullablePapIIDisplay the data from Paper II (Li+, 2011, J/ApJS/197/22)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main