J/ApJ/860/174ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/174doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18600174CDSYang Y.-L.Green J.D.Evans II N.J.Lee J.-E.Jorgensen J.K.,Kristensen L.E.Mottram J.C.Herczeg G.Karska A.Dionatos O.,Bergin E.A.Bouwman J.van Dishoeck E.F.van Kempen T.A.Larson R.L.,Yildiz U.A.2020-02-14T06:11:07Z2019-08-05T07:29:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsinterstellar-mediumradio-spectroscopysurveysco-line-emissionWe present full spectral scans from 200 to 670{mu}m of 26 Class 0+I protostellar sources obtained with Herschel-SPIRE as part of the "COPS-SPIRE" Open Time program, complementary to the DIGIT and WISH Key Programs. Based on our nearly continuous, line-free spectra from 200 to 670{mu}m, the calculated bolometric luminosities (Lbol) increase by 50% on average, and the bolometric temperatures (Tbol) decrease by 10% on average, in comparison with the measurements without Herschel. Fifteen protostars have the same class using Tbol and Lbol/Lsmm. We identify rotational transitions of CO lines from J=4->3 to J=13->12, along with emission lines of ^13^CO, HCO^+^, H_2_O, and [CI]. The ratios of ^12^CO to ^13^CO indicate that ^12^CO emission remains optically thick for J_up_<13. We fit up to four components of temperature from the rotational diagram with flexible break points to separate the components. The distribution of rotational temperatures shows a primary population around 100K with a secondary population at ~350K. We quantify the correlations of each line pair found in our data set and find that the strength of the correlation of CO lines decreases as the difference between J levels between two CO lines increases. The multiple origins of CO emission previously revealed by velocity-resolved profiles are consistent with this smooth distribution if each physical component contributes to a wide range of CO lines with significant overlap in the CO ladder. We investigate the spatial extent of CO emission and find that the morphology is more centrally peaked and less bipolar at high-J lines. We find the CO emission observed with SPIRE related to outflows, which consists of two components, the entrained gas and shocked gas, as revealed by our rotational diagram analysis, as well as the studies with velocity-resolved CO emission.2018ApJ...860..174Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/860/174CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/197 : ISM towards IC 348 and Per OB2 (Cernis, 1993)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/332 : c2d Spitzer final data release (DR4) (Evans+, 2003)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)J/BaltA/12/301 : Vilnius photometry in Barnard 1 (Cernis+, 2003)J/MNRAS/355/1272 : BVIJHKs photometry around CG 12 (Maheswar+, 2004)J/A+A/432/369 : Leiden Atomic & Molecular Database (LAMDA) (Schoeier+, 2005)J/ApJ/638/293 : 1.1mm sources in the Perseus Molecular Cloud (Enoch+, 2006)J/A+A/447/609 : 1.2mm continuum obs. in rho Oph cloud (Stanke+, 2006)J/A+A/470/281 : WFI optical photometry in Cha II dark cloud (Spezzi+, 2007)J/AJ/133/1560 : Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores (Wu+, 2007)J/ApJS/175/277 : Submm-Continuum SCUBA detections (Di Francesco+, 2008)J/ApJ/684/1240 : Prestellar cores in Perseus, Serpens & Oph. (Enoch+, 2008)J/ApJ/683/822 : Star formation in Ophiuchus & Perseus II. (Jorgensen+, 2008)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJS/185/198 : The Cepheus flare observed with IRAC and MIPS (Kirk+, 2009)J/A+A/507/1425 : APEX-CHAMP^+^. II. (Van Kempen+, 2009)J/A+A/498/167 : Embedded sources in L 1688 (van Kempen+, 2009)J/MNRAS/406/1745 : H2O in interstellar shock waves (Flower+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/ApJS/194/43 : YSOs candidates and knots in CrA cloud (Peterson+, 2011)J/AJ/145/94 : Luminosities of protostars from Spitzer (Dunham+, 2013)J/A+A/572/A21 : H2O spectra of nearby Class 0/I protostars (Mottram+, 2014)J/A+A/568/A125 : NGC 1333 IRAS 4A H_2_O observations (Santangelo+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/11 : SEDs of Spitzer YSOs in the Gould Belt (Dunham+, 2015)J/AJ/150/175 : YSOVAR: infrared photometry in NGC 1333 (Rebull+, 2015)J/A+A/576/A109 : YSOs APEX-CHAMP^+^ high-J CO maps (Yildiz+, 2015)J/AJ/151/75 : Herschel-PACS & -SPIRE spectroscopy (Green+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/174https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/174http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/174https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/174https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/174http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/174GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/860/174/sources (List of sources with the observing logs and evolutionary indicators (tables 1, 2, 3 and 10))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/174/sources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/174/sources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/174/sources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.91291730.2175280.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/860/174/table5 (Line fitting results)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/174/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/174/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/174/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true53.32440431.13798720.0055555555555555566/859 860 862 1052 1054 15426 15965 23549 29653 29655 30519 30733 32083 36956 37819 41132 41134 42738 42981 43010 47828https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/860/174?format=asciiMillimeterRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/860/174/sourcesList of sources with the observing logs and evolutionary indicators (tables 1, 2, 3 and 10)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharCloudCloudmeta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNfNumber of line fitting results for this source (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableNameProtostellar source namemeta.id;meta.maincharDist[106/450] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSurveySurvey overlap with DIGIT (D) and WISH (W)meta.notecharRefReferences (see refs.dat file)meta.refcharRefDistDistance reference(s) (see refs.dat file)meta.bibcharIDInternal identifier as in Tables 5, 12 and fig17; column added by CDSmeta.idcharprimarySpSPIRE 1D spectrum plot from fig17meta.ref.urlcharONameOther namemeta.idcharObsId[1342242620/1342254037] Herschel ObsIDmeta.id;obslongDateObservation date (UT)time.epoch;obsnullableAp[21.8/51.8]? PACS 1D aperture (1)arcsecpos.posAng;instr.fovfloatnullablef_ApA: all 25 PACS spaxels are used for extracting the 1D spectrummeta.codecharNotesNotesmeta.notecharf_NameFlag on Name (2)meta.codecharLbol[0.3/35.1] Bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableLsmm[0.01/0.2] Bolometric luminosity of the spectrum >350umsolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableLCO? CO luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullablef_LCOc: No CO line is detected toward L1014meta.codecharnullableTbol[33.2/592] Bolometric temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatnullableaNIR[-0.2/3.1] {alpha}_NIR_ value (3)spect.indexfloatnullablee_aNIR[0.03/1.5] aNIR uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableClNIRClass according to {alpha}_NIR_src.classcharnullableClsmmClass according to the Lbol/Lsmm criterionsrc.classcharnullableClTbolClass according to Tbolsrc.classcharnullablef_ClTbolFlag on ClTbol (2)meta.codecharnullableRef2References (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharnullablePACSHerschel PACS obsIDsmeta.id;obscharSPIREHerschel SPIRE obsIDsmeta.id;obscharJ/ApJ/860/174/table5Line fitting resultsf_e_ObsWLFlag on e_ObsWL (1)meta.codecharVal[0/1] Validity flag (5)meta.codeintBlendBlending flag (4)meta.code.errorcharLineLine identifiermeta.id;spect.linecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifiermeta.idcharLabWL[55.1/650.3] Theoretical line centroid wavelengthumem.wl;spect.linedoubleObsWL[55/652.9] Fitted line centroid wavelengthumem.wl;spect.line;meta.modelleddoublee_ObsWL[0.0001/132955]? Uncertainty in ObsWLumstat.errordoublenullableStr[-8.7e-16/3.3e-16] Fitted line strengthW.cm**-2spect.line.intensitydoublee_Str[3.8e-26/0.7]? Uncertainty in StrW.cm**-2stat.errordoublenullablef_e_StrFlag on e_Str (1)meta.codecharFWHM[0.02/4] Fitted full width at half-maximumumspect.line.width;meta.modelleddoublee_FWHM[0/24]? Uncertainty in FWHMumstat.error;phys.angSizedoublenullablef_e_FWHMFlag on e_FWHM (1)meta.codecharBase[-1.7e-19/5.9e-17] Fitted baseline intensityW.cm**-2.um**-1instr.baseline;spect.line.intensitydoubleNoise[3.9e-26/9.8e-19] Residual intensityW.cm**-2.um**-1stat.fit.residual;spect.line.intensitydoubleS/N[0/756498] Signal-to-Noise ratiostat.snrdoubleEu[23.6/6195.6] Upper energy level (2)Kphys.energy;phys.atmol.leveldoubleA[0/2.5] Einstein-A value (2)s**-1phys.atmol.transProbdoubleg[1/95] Multiplicity of upper energy level (2)meta.code.multipintRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedPixNumPixel label (3)meta.id;instr.pixelcharJ/ApJ/860/174/table12References for photometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifiermeta.idcharlambda[0.4/3000] Wavelengthumem.wlfloatFlux[8.1e-6/1150] Flux density at lambdaJyphot.fluxdoublee_Flux[2e-6/2000]? Uncertainty in FluxJystat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullableRefPhotometry reference code (see refs.dat file)pos.framecharJ/ApJ/860/174/fig17SPIRE 1D spectra for the COPS sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifiermeta.idcharlambda[195/671] Wavelengthumem.wlfloatFlux[0.9/946.2] Absolute corrected flux densityJyphot.fluxdoubleFlat[-20.6/409] Continuum-subtracted corrected flux densityJyphot.fluxdoubleRes[-20.6/22] Residual after removal of continuum and linesJystat.fit.residual;phot.flux.densitydoubleJ/ApJ/860/174/refsReferences (table added by CDS)RefReference codemeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBibCodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharAuthFirst author's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharCommCommentmeta.notechar