J/ApJ/859/73ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/859/73doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18590073CDSSoraisam M.D.Bildsten L.Drout M.R.Bauer E.B.Gilfanov M.Kupfer T.,Laher R.R.Masci F.Prince T.A.Kulkarni S.R.Matheson T.Saha A.2019-07-24T14:00:34Z2019-06-17T10:52:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometryvariable-starsabsolute-magnitudeeffective-temperaturesurveysMost massive stars end their lives as red supergiants (RSGs), a short-lived evolutionary phase when they are known to pulsate with varying amplitudes. The RSG period-luminosity (PL) relation has been measured in the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds and M33 for about 120 stars in total. Using over 1500 epochs of R-band monitoring from the Palomar Transient Factory survey over a five-year period, we study the variability of 255 spectroscopically cataloged RSGs in M31. We find that all RGSs brighter than M_K_~-10mag (log(L/L_{sun}_)>4.8) are variable at {Delta}m_R_>0.05mag. Our period analysis finds 63 with significant pulsation periods. Using the periods found and the known values of M_K_ for these stars, we derive the RSG PL relation in M31 and show that it is consistent with those derived earlier in other galaxies of different metallicities. We also detect, for the first time, a sequence of likely first-overtone pulsations. Comparison to stellar evolution models from MESA confirms the first-overtone hypothesis and indicates that the variable stars in this sample have 12M_{sun}_<M<24M_{sun}_. As these RSGs are the immediate progenitors to Type II-P core-collapse supernovae (SNe), we also explore the implication of their variability in the initial-mass estimates for SN progenitors based on archival images of the progenitors. We find that this effect is small compared to the present measurement errors.2018ApJ...859...73Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/859/73CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/264 : ASAS Variable Stars in Southern hemisphere (Pojmanski+, 2002-2005)J/AJ/96/1884 : BVRJHK photometry of M31 red supergiants (Humphreys+ 1988)J/ApJ/501/153 : VRB photometry of red supergiants (Massey 1998)J/A+A/445/423 : WeCAPP Survey. M31 variables (Fliri+, 2006)J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)J/AJ/133/2393 : UBVRI phot. in 7 Local Group dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)J/ApJ/703/420 : Red supergiants in M31 (Massey+, 2009)J/MNRAS/395/1409 : Type II-P SN progenitor constraints (Smartt+, 2009)J/ApJ/727/53 : Red supergiant stars in the LMC. I. (Yang+, 2011)J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models with rotation. 0.8<M<120. (Ekstrom+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/156 : M31 Cepheids with HST/WFC3 (Riess+, 2012)J/ApJ/754/35 : Red supergiant stars in the SMC. II. (Yang+, 2012)J/A+A/558/A131 : Model spectra of hot stars at the pre-SN stage (Groh+, 2013)J/A+A/560/A16 : Comparison of evolutionary tracks (Martins+, 2013)J/ApJ/826/224 : RSG and foreground candidates in M31 (Massey+, 2016)J/ApJ/825/50 : Variable stars in M31+M33. III. YSGs + RSGs (Gordon+, 2016)J/AJ/154/231 : Multi-epoch multi-band photometry of B1-392 (Saha+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/859/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/859/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/859/73https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/859/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/859/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/859/73GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/859/73/table1 (Properties of the red supergiants (RSGs) in M31)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/859/73/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/859/73/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/859/73/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.961828340.89220670.0055555555555555566/2622 2623 2666 2708 2709 27522.762881831355591e-19 3.3785437584409506e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/859/73?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/859/73/table1Properties of the red supergiants (RSGs) in M31SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharPer[77/893]? Perioddtime.periodintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/255] ID of the starmeta.idintIDJHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharKMag[-12.6/-8.4]? The absolute K-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableTeff[3625/4300]? Effective Temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelog(L)[4.2/5.9]? log of bolometric luminosity of the star (1)phys.luminosityfloatnullableRmag[15.4/19.7] R-band mean magnitude of the lightcurvemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatRMS[0.01/0.7]? RMS value of lightcurve (2)magstat.stdev;phot.magfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main