J/ApJ/859/53ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/859/53doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18590053CDSMarino R. A.Cantalupo S.Lilly S.J.Gallego S.G.Straka L.A.,Borisova E.Pezzulli G.Bacon R.Brinchmann J.Carollo C.M.Caruana J.,Conseil S.Contini T.Diener C.Finley H.Inami H.Leclercq F.,Muzahid S.Richard J.Schaye J.Wendt M.Wisotzki L.2020-04-27T13:01:51Z2019-07-10T14:24:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiquasarsredshiftedintergalactic-mediumsurveysRecent theoretical models suggest that the early phase of galaxy formation could involve an epoch when galaxies are gas rich but inefficient at forming stars: a "dark galaxy" phase. Here, we report the results of our Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) survey for dark galaxies fluorescently illuminated by quasars at z>3. Compared to previous studies which are based on deep narrowband (NB) imaging, our integral field survey provides a nearly uniform sensitivity coverage over a large volume in redshift space around the quasars as well as full spectral information at each location. Thanks to these unique features, we are able to build control samples at large redshift distances from the quasars using the same data taken under the same conditions. By comparing the rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) distributions of the Ly{alpha} sources detected in proximity to the quasars and in control samples, we detect a clear correlation between the locations of high-EW0 objects and the quasars. This correlation is not seen in other properties, such as Ly{alpha} luminosities or volume overdensities, suggesting the possible fluorescent nature of at least some of these objects. Among these, we find six sources without continuum counterparts and EW0 limits larger than 240{AA} that are the best candidates for dark galaxies in our survey at z>3.5. The volume densities and properties, including inferred gas masses and star formation efficiencies, of these dark galaxy candidates are similar to those of previously detected candidates at z~2.4 in NB surveys. Moreover, if the most distant of these are fluorescently illuminated by the quasar, our results also provide a lower limit of t=60Myr on the quasar lifetime.2018ApJ...859...53Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/859/53CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVI/109 : Pop. Synthesis Models at very low metallicities (Schaerer, 2003)VII/260 : The SDSS-DR7 quasar catalog (Schneider+, 2010)VII/258 : Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (13th Ed.) (Veron+ 2010)J/A+A/392/395 : Ks-band magnitudes of the K20 sample (Cimatti+, 2002)J/ApJ/596/768 : Optical depths in 19 QSOs (Schaye+, 2003)J/A+A/523/A64 : UV properties of starbursts (Raiter+, 2010)J/A+A/548/A66 : SDSS Quasar Catalog, DR9Q (Paris+, 2012)J/ApJ/763/37 : Metals in SDSS QSOs. I. 1.5<z<4.5 CIV abs. (Cooksey+, 2013)J/ApJ/776/136 : QPQ VI. HI absorption of z~2 quasars (Prochaska+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/L19 : Quasar pairs spectroscopy (Prochaska+, 2013)J/A+A/556/A141 : ESO-UVES Advanced Data Products (EUADP) sample (Zafar+, 2013)J/A+A/575/A75 : MUSE 3D view of HDF-S (Bacon+, 2015)J/MNRAS/452/2553 : Sample of foreground-background QSO pairs (Johnson+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/4204 : WFC3/UVIS quasar-stacked spectrum at z=~2.4 (Lusso+, 2015)J/AJ/150/111 : KODIAQ DR1 (O'Meara+, 2015)J/ApJ/831/7 : SDSS-RM project: peak velocities of QSOs (Shen+, 2016)J/A+A/608/A8 : MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey. VIII (Leclercq+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/859/53https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/859/53http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/859/53https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/859/53https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/859/53http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/859/53GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/859/53/table1 (Major properties of the MUSE medium-deep fields)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/859/53/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/859/53/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/859/53/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true65.50625-38.6219440.0055555555555555566/16656 18884 25827 31313 34570 479413.322582951404819e-19 3.852589004194616e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/859/53?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/859/53/table1Major properties of the MUSE medium-deep fieldsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNlNumber of LAE candidates for this field (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableFieldAGN namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainz[3/3.8] Redshift values from the catalog of Veron+ (2010, VII/258)src.redshiftfloatzCIV[3/3.8] Redshift from the luminosity-corrected CIV measurement (1)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatExp[8.7/20] Exposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposurefloatClassObject class (2)meta.code.classcharVmag[17.8/24.8] V-band AB magnitude in 3" diameter aperture (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatPSF[0.7/0.9] Mean FWHM of the Gaussian fit (4)arcsecphys.angSizefloatFlim[28.2/29] 3{sigma} flux continuum limit (AB mag) within a 1" diameter aperturemagphot.magfloatFLyaS[30.2/31] Ly{alpha} sensitivity (AB mag) within a 1" diameter aperturemaginstr.sensitivityfloatJ/ApJ/859/53/table5Physical properties of the Ly{alpha} candidatesIDObject identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharArea[26/432] Object areaphys.areaintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldField identifiermeta.id;obs.fieldcharzphot[2.9/4] Photometric redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatFLya[0.02/8.7] Ly{alpha} flux; in units of 1e-17erg/s/cm^2^1e-20W.m**-2phot.fluxfloate_FLya[0.01/0.1] Uncertainty in FLya1e-20W.m**-2stat.errorfloatLLya[0.1/130] Ly{alpha} luminosity; in units of 1e41erg/s1e+34Wphys.luminosity;em.UVfloatFCont[-0.3/45] Continuum flux; in units of 1e-20erg/s/cm^2^/{AA}1e-22W.m**-2.nm**-1phot.fluxfloate_FCont[0.1/1.5] Uncertainty in FCont1e-22W.m**-2.nm**-1stat.errorfloatl_EW0LyaLimit flag on EW0Lyameta.code.errorcharEW0Lya[3/211] Ly{alpha} equivalent width; in Angstrom units0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthinte_EW0Lya[1/460]? Uncertainty in EW0Lya0.1nmstat.errorintnullable