J/ApJ/858/118ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/858/118doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18580118CDSNguyen D.D.Seth A.C.Neumayer N.Kamann S.Voggel K.T.Cappellari M.,Picotti A.Nguyen P.M.Boker T.Debattista V.Caldwell N.McDermid R.,Bastian N.Ahn C.C.Pechetti R.2019-07-01T06:18:54Z2019-05-13T13:23:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinfrared-astronomyspectroscopygalaxy-kinematicsradial-velocitystellar-massesWe present a detailed study of the nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and massive black holes (BHs) of four of the nearest low-mass early-type galaxies: M32, NGC 205, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206. We measure the dynamical masses of both the BHs and NSCs in these galaxies using Gemini/NIFS or VLT/SINFONI stellar kinematics, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging, and Jeans anisotropic models. We detect massive BHs in M32, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206, while in NGC 205, we find only an upper limit. These BH mass estimates are consistent with previous measurements in M32 and NGC 205, while those in NGC 5102 and NGC 5206 are estimated for the first time and both found to be <10^6^M_{sun}_. This adds to just a handful of galaxies with dynamically measured sub-million M_{sun}_ central BHs. Combining these BH detections with our recent work on NGC 404's BH, we find that 80% (4/5) of nearby, low-mass (10^9^-10^10^M_{sun}_; {sigma}_*_~20-70km/s) early-type galaxies host BHs. Such a high occupation fraction suggests that the BH seeds formed in the early epoch of cosmic assembly likely resulted in abundant seeds, favoring a low-mass seed mechanism of the remnants, most likely from the first generation of massive stars. We find dynamical masses of the NSCs ranging from 2 to 73x10^6^M_{sun}_ and compare these masses to scaling relations for NSCs based primarily on photometric mass estimates. Color gradients suggest that younger stellar populations lie at the centers of the NSCs in three of the four galaxies (NGC 205, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206), while the morphology of two are complex and best fit with multiple morphological components (NGC 5102 and NGC 5206). The NSC kinematics show they are rotating, especially in M32 and NGC 5102 (V/{sigma}_*_~0.7).2018ApJ...858..118Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/858/118CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)J/MNRAS/464/194 : Metallicity distribution in the GC (Feldmeier-Krause+, 2017)J/A+A/597/A18 : The central black hole in NGC 4414 (Thater+, 2017)J/ApJ/826/L32 : Black hole masses in megamaser disk galaxies (Greene+, 2016)J/MNRAS/457/2122 : Nuclear star clusters photometric masses (Georgiev+, 2016)J/ApJ/813/82 : z<0.06 broad-line AGN emission-line measures (Reines+, 2015)J/MNRAS/448/3167 : z>~5 AGN in Chandra Deep Field-South (Weigel+, 2015)J/ApJ/798/54 : "Under-massive" black hole candidates (Graham+, 2015)J/MNRAS/445/2385 : HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. X. (den Brok+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/1151 : AIMSS Project. I. Compact Stellar Systems (Norris+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/3570 : Nuclear star clusters in 228 spiral gal. (Georgiev+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A47 : MW nuclear star cluster extinction map (Schoedel+, 2014)J/ApJ/775/116 : z<0.06 active BH galaxies from SDSS-DR8 (Reines+, 2013)J/AJ/145/101 : Updated nearby galaxy catalog (Karachentsev+, 2013)J/ApJ/755/167 : Low-mass BHs in SDSS Seyfert 1 galaxies (Dong+, 2012)J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)J/ApJS/197/22 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (GGS). II. (Li+, 2011)J/ApJ/725/670 : Kinematics in the M32 nucleus (Seth, 2010)J/ApJS/183/1 : Catalog of central stellar velocity dispersions (Ho+, 2009)J/A+A/502/91 : Proper motions of stars near SgrA* (Schoedel+, 2009)J/ApJ/678/116 : AGNs in nuclear star clusters (Seth+, 2008)J/ApJ/670/92 : New sample of low-mass black holes in AGN (Greene+, 2007)J/MNRAS/372/1259 : Abundances of extragalactic globular cl. (Sharina+, 2006)J/AJ/131/332 : Velocities of individual stars in NGC 205 (Geha+, 2006)J/AJ/126/2268 : Velocity dispersions & Mg2 index of galaxies (Wegner+, 2003)J/ApJS/107/312 : Ordinary Cool Stars in K Band (Wallace+ 1996)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/858/118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/858/118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/858/118https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/858/118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/858/118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/858/118GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/858/118/table4 (Host galaxy properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.674270840.86516940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/858/118/table8 (Gemini/NIFS kinematic data of the NGC205 nucleus)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.091648141.68529440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/858/118/table9 (VLT/SINFONI kinematic data of the NGC5102 nucleus)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table9?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table9?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table9?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true200.4832083-36.63693610.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/858/118/table10 (VLT/SINFONI kinematic data of the NGC5206 nucleus)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table10?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table10?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/118/table10?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true203.4330458-48.15136940.0055555555555555566/2622 2709 43222 43809https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/858/118?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/858/118/table4Host galaxy propertiesVsys[-241/573] Measured systemic velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharDist[0.7/3.5] DistanceMpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatr_Dist[1/4] Reference on Dist (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintm-M[24.4/27.8] Distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModfloatScale[4/17] Physical scalepc/arcsecarith.factorfloatBMag[-16.5/-15] Absolute B magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.opt.Bfloatr_BMag[5/7] Reference on BMag (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintIMag[-16.7/-16.5]? Absolute I magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.opt.Ifloatnullabler_IMag[6/7]? Reference on IMag (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableMtotp[9.7e+08/6e+09] Photometric total stellar mass estimated from this worksolMassphys.massdoubleMtotd[1e+09/7e+09] Dynamical total stellar mass estimated from this worksolMassphys.massdoublereff[30/121] Effective radius in arcsecarcsecphys.angSizeintreffpc[120/1200] Effective radius in pcpcphys.size.radiusintr_reffReference(s) on effective radii (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharVsysNED[-241/571] Systemic velocity from NEDkm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintInc[70/86]? Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullabler_Inc[12]? Reference on Inc (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/858/118/table8Gemini/NIFS kinematic data of the NGC205 nucleus_RAPosition, computed from nucleus position (00:40:22.0+41:41:07.1) with oRA and oDE offsets (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintoRARight Ascension offset from Nucleus (1)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatoDEDeclination offset from Nucleus (1)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRVel[-289/-245] Radial velocity (2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[0.6/13] Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatsigma[11/29] Velocity dispersion (2)km/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloate_sigma[0.5/15] Uncertainty in sigmakm/sstat.errorfloat_DEPosition, computed from nucleus position (00:40:22.0+41:41:07.1) with oRA and oDE offsets (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/858/118/table9VLT/SINFONI kinematic data of the NGC5102 nucleusrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintoRARight Ascension offset from Nucleus (1)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatoDEDeclination offset from Nucleus (1)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRVel[450/551] Radial velocity (2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[1/12] Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatsigma[24/60] Velocity dispersion (2)km/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloate_sigma[1/15] Uncertainty in sigmakm/sstat.errorfloat_RAPosition, computed from nucleus position (13:21:55.96-36:38:13.0) with oRA and oDE offsets (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition, computed from nucleus position (13:21:55.96-36:38:13.0) with oRA and oDE offsets (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/858/118/table10VLT/SINFONI kinematic data of the NGC5206 nucleusrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintoRARight Ascension offset from Nucleus (1)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatoDEDeclination offset from Nucleus (1)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRVel[556/639] Radial velocity (2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[1/15] Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatsigma[-11/63] Velocity dispersion (2)km/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloate_sigma[2/15] Uncertainty in sigmakm/sstat.errorfloat_RAPosition, computed from nucleus position (13:33:43.92-48:09:05.0) with oRA and oDE offsets (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition, computed from nucleus position (13:33:43.92-48:09:05.0) with oRA and oDE offsets (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main