J/ApJ/854/73ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/854/73doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18540073CDSIshigaki M.Kawamata R.Ouchi M.Oguri M.Shimasaku K.Ono Y.2021-01-25T08:19:55Z2018-12-20T09:29:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustershst-photometryvisible-astronomygalaxiesinfrared-sourcesredshiftedgravitational-lensingWe present UV luminosity functions of dropout galaxies at z~6-10 with the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data. We obtain a catalog of ~450 dropout-galaxy candidates (350, 66, and 40 at z~6-7, 8, and 9, respectively), with UV absolute magnitudes that reach ~-14mag, ~2 mag deeper than the Hubble Ultra Deep Field detection limits. We carefully evaluate number densities of the dropout galaxies by Monte Carlo simulations, including all lensing effects such as magnification, distortion, and multiplication of images as well as detection completeness and contamination effects in a self-consistent manner. We find that UV luminosity functions at z~6-8 have steep faint-end slopes, {alpha}~-2, and likely steeper slopes, {alpha}<~-2 at z~9-10. We also find that the evolution of UV luminosity densities shows a non-accelerated decline beyond z~8 in the case of M_trunc_=-15, but an accelerated one in the case of M_trunc_=-17. We examine whether our results are consistent with the Thomson scattering optical depth from the Planck satellite and the ionized hydrogen fraction Q_HII_ at z<~7 based on the standard analytic reionization model. We find that reionization scenarios exist that consistently explain all of the observational measurements with the allowed parameters of f_esc_=0.17_-0.03_^+0.07^ and M_trunc_>-14.0 for log{xi}_ion_/[erg^-1^Hz]=25.34, where f_esc_ is the escape fraction, Mtrunc is the faint limit of the UV luminosity function, and {xi}_ion_ is the conversion factor of the UV luminosity to the ionizing photon emission rate. The length of the reionization period is estimated to be {Delta}z=3.9_-1.6_^+2.0^ (for 0.1<Q_HII_<0.99), consistent with the recent estimate from Planck.2018ApJ...854...73Ihttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/854/73CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)J/MNRAS/300/303 : UV-selected galaxy redshift survey (Treyer+, 1998)J/ApJ/519/1 : Lyman-break galaxies at z {>~} 4 (Steidel+, 1999)J/ApJ/736/18 : Lyman-continuum emission at z~3 in SSA22 field (Nestor+, 2011)J/ApJS/199/25 : CLASH sources for MACS1149.6+2223 (Postman+, 2012)J/ApJS/208/20 : Nine-year WMAP point source catalogs (Bennett+, 2013)J/MNRAS/432/2696 : Galaxy luminosity function at z = 7-9 (McLure+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/L30 : CLASH: MCS J0416.1-2403 strong lensing analysis (Zitrin+, 2013)J/ApJ/793/115 : UV-continuum slopes beta for z~4-8 galaxies (Bouwens+, 2014)J/MNRAS/440/2810 : Galaxy luminosity function at z =~ 7 (Bowler+, 2014)J/ApJ/800/18 : HST/WFC3 observations of z~7-8 galaxies in A2744 (Atek+, 2015)J/ApJ/803/34 : z~4-10 galaxies from HST legacy fields (Bouwens+, 2015)J/ApJ/810/71 : UV mag of candidate galaxies at 3~<z~<8.5 (Finkelstein+, 2015)J/MNRAS/452/1437 : Abell 2744 strong-lensing analysis (Jauzac+, 2015)J/ApJ/811/29 : GLASS. IV. Lensing cluster Abell 2744 (Wang+, 2015)J/ApJ/831/182 : GLASS. VI. MCS J0416.1-2403 HFF imaging & spectra (Hoag+, 2016)J/ApJ/819/114 : Strong lensing mass modeling of HFF clusters (Kawamata+, 2016)J/ApJ/820/98 : Galaxy cand.in the Hubble Frontier Fields (Laporte+, 2016)J/ApJ/843/41 : HST/WFC3 obs. of z~2-8 gal. in 4 HFF clusters (Bouwens+, 2017)J/ApJ/835/113 : Galaxies >~6 from the Hubble Frontier Fields (Livermore+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/854/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/854/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/854/73https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/854/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/854/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/854/73GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/854/73/table1 (Observational properties and the numbers of high-z galaxy candidates of the HFF data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/73/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/73/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/73/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.5834583-30.38827780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/854/73/candidates (Dropout galaxy candidates at z~6-7, z~8 and z~9 (tables 4, 5 and 6))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/73/candidates?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/73/candidates?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/73/candidates?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.59380389-30.415446940.0055555555555555566/6383 16486 17741 28448 34793 34796 46474 46496https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/854/73?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/854/73/table1Observational properties and the numbers of high-z galaxy candidates of the HFF datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldField identifiermeta.id;obs.fieldcharlH160[28.5/29.3] 5{sigma} H_160_ limit magnitude (1)magphot.mag;stat.max;em.IR.HfloatArea[4.1/4.8] Area (2)arcmin**2phys.angSizefloatArea7[0.7/2]? The survey area in the source plane at z=7phys.areafloatnullableNz6[7/41] Number of galaxies with z~6-7meta.numberintNz8[0/10] Number of galaxies with z~8meta.numberintNz9[0/7] Number of galaxies with z~9meta.numberintNcNumber of dropout galaxy candidates for this field (link to tables 4-6)meta.numberintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJ/854/73/candidatesDropout galaxy candidates at z~6-7, z~8 and z~9 (tables 4, 5 and 6)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldField identifiermeta.id;obs.fieldcharIDIdentifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[3.4/342.4] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-45/38] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_i-YUpper limit flag on i-Ymeta.code.errorchari-Y[0.5/3.6] HST F814W (i_814_)-F105W (Y_105_) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloate_i-Y[0.02/1]? i-Y uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableY-J[-0.5/0.7] HST/WFC3-IR F105W (Y_105_)-F125W (J_125_) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloate_Y-J[0.01/0.4] Y-J uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatJ125[24.4/28.5] HST/WFC3-IR F125W (J_125_) AB magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_J125[0.01/0.3] J125 uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatmu[1.2/685]? Magnification (2)phot.mag;arith.ratiofloatnullablezphot[0.06/9.6] Photometric redshiftsrc.redshiftfloate_zphot[0.06/7.4] Negative uncertainty in zphotstat.errorfloatE_zphot[0.3/7.2] Positive uncertainty in zphotstat.error;stat.maxfloatRefReference(s) (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharHFFCatDisplay data from Kawamata+, 2016, J/ApJ/819/114 ; Laporte+, 2016, J/ApJ/820/98 and Livermore+, 2017, J/ApJ/835/113, within 0.1"meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar