J/ApJ/854/158ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/854/158doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18540158CDSShangguan J.Ho L.C.Xie Y.2019-01-22T13:42:47Z2019-01-03T11:50:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsinfrared-photometryinterstellar-mediumredshiftedradio-sourcesmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyThe interstellar medium is crucial to understanding the physics of active galaxies and the coevolution between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. However, direct gas measurements are limited by sensitivity and other uncertainties. Dust provides an efficient indirect probe of the total gas. We apply this technique to a large sample of quasars, whose total gas content would be prohibitively expensive to measure. We present a comprehensive study of the full (1 to 500{mu}m) infrared spectral energy distributions of 87 redshift <0.5 quasars selected from the Palomar-Green sample, using photometric measurements from 2MASS, WISE, and Herschel, combined with Spitzer mid-infrared (5-40{mu}m) spectra. With a newly developed Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting method, we decompose various overlapping contributions to the integrated spectral energy distribution, including starlight, warm dust from the torus, and cooler dust on galaxy scales. This procedure yields a robust dust mass, which we use to infer the gas mass, using a gas-to-dust ratio constrained by the host galaxy stellar mass. Most (90%) quasar hosts have gas fractions similar to those of massive, star-forming galaxies, although a minority (10%) seem genuinely gas-deficient, resembling present-day massive early-type galaxies. This result indicates that "quasar mode" feedback does not occur or is ineffective in the host galaxies of low-redshift quasars. We also find that quasars can boost the interstellar radiation field and heat dust on galactic scales. This cautions against the common practice of using the far-infrared luminosity to estimate the host galaxy star formation rate.2018ApJ...854..158Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/854/158CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)VIII/2 : Molonglo Reference Catalog of Radio Sources (Large+ 1981)VIII/14 : 87GB Catalog of radio sources (Gregory et al., 1991)VIII/42 : Texas Survey of radio sources at 365MHz (Douglas+ 1996)VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)VIII/79 : The VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey at 74MHz (Cohen+ 2007)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/AJ/108/1163 : Radio structure of Quasars (Kellermann+ 1994)J/ApJS/166/470 : SDSS-Spitzer type I QSOs IR photometry (Richards+, 2006)J/ApJ/656/770 : Mid-IR spectrum of star-forming galaxies (Smith+, 2007)J/ApJS/177/103 : HI survey of AGNs (Ho+, 2008)J/A+A/495/421 : AGN in XMM-Newton archive (CAIXA) (Bianchi+, 2009)J/ApJ/701/1965 : Radial dust data of SINGS galaxies (Munoz-Mateos+, 2009)J/PASP/122/261 : Herschel Reference Survey Sample (Boselli+, 2010)J/ApJ/723/895 : IR luminosities and aromatic features of 5MUSES (Wu+, 2010)J/MNRAS/415/32 : COLD GASS survey (Saintonge+, 2011)J/PASP/124/140 : UBVRI Hp BT and VT photonic responses (Bessell+, 2012)J/A+A/543/A161 : Submm obs. of 323 HRS nearby galaxies (Ciesla+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/95 : KINGFISH sample Herschel FIR & submm photom. (Dale+, 2012)J/A+A/544/A101 : GALEX obs. of Herschel Reference Survey (Cortese+, 2012)J/A+A/551/A100 : Panchromatic SED of Herschel sources (Berta+, 2013)J/A+A/564/A65 : Cold gas data of Herschel Reference Survey (Boselli+, 2014)J/A+A/562/A21 : AGN feedback from CO observations (Cicone+, 2014)J/A+A/565/A128 : Dust SED in HRS nearby galaxies (Ciesla+, 2014)J/ApJ/783/84 : ALMA obs. in 107 galaxies at z=0.2-2.5 (Scoville+, 2014)J/ApJS/214/23 : IR spectra and photometry of z<0.5 quasars (Shi+, 2014)J/ApJ/804/34 : Luminous AGNs and early-type SDSS galaxies (Hong+, 2015)J/A+A/575/A80 : FIR photometry of 3CR galaxies (Podigachoski+, 2015)J/A+A/583/A120 : AGN torus models. SED library (Siebenmorgen+, 2015)J/A+A/591/A28 : 2 QSOs SINFONI K-band datacubes (Carniani+, 2016)J/ApJ/820/83 : ALMA galaxy data in COSMOS survey (Scoville+, 2016)J/MNRAS/460/2143 : HI size-mass relation of galaxies (Wang+, 2016)J/AJ/151/120 : z<1 3CR radio gal. and QSOs star formation (Westhues+, 2016)J/ApJ/819/L27 : Stellar masses of optical & IR QSO hosts (Zhang+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/854/158https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/854/158http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/854/158https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/854/158https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/854/158http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/854/158GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/854/158/pgqsos (Physical properties of Palomar-Green (PG) quasars (table 1) and NIR to MIR photometry (tables 2 and 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/158/pgqsos?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/158/pgqsos?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/854/158/pgqsos?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.496824716.16361750.0055555555555555566/4215 4506 5091 5244 5437 5481 5576 5687 5731 6028 7246 7998 8017 8071 8299 8528 8636 8641 8845 8881 8893 8906 8927 8941 9018 9181 9194 9262 9959 10039 10162 10217 10269 10472 10578 10691 10694 10709 11217 11354 11388 11668 11829 11924 12317 12380 12632 17819 18127 18918 19287 19315 19416 19433 19567 19700 19730 19746 19767 19883 19932 25403 25735 25742 25965 26292 26310 26509 26736 26859 26902 27023 27025 27227 27293 27349 27580 27720 27848 27862 28060 28164 28356 28471 31650 44785 449883.2031150387835462e-22 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/854/158?format=asciiInfraredRadioMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJ/854/158/pgqsosPhysical properties of Palomar-Green (PG) quasars (table 1) and NIR to MIR photometry (tables 2 and 3)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryz[0.02/0.5] Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatDL[113/2723] Distance (1)Mpcpos.distanceintlogM*[10.2/11.6]? log host galaxy stellar mass (2)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablelogL5100[43.6/46.2] log monochromatic luminosity at 5100{AA}; erg/slog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.optfloatFWHMHb[721/9405] Full-Width at Half-Maximum of broad H{beta} emission linekm/sspect.line.widthintlogMBH[6.6/10] log blackhole masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatlogMblg[9.2/12.1] log stellar bulge mass estimated from logMBHlog(solMass)phys.massfloatlogUmin[-1/1.4]? log best-fit minimum intensity (3)meta.code;spect.line.intensityfloatnullablee_logUmin[0/0.4]? Lower uncertainty in logUmin (5)stat.errorfloatnullableE_logUmin[0/0.5]? Upper uncertainty in logUmin (5)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableqPAH[0.4/4.6]? Best-fit mass fraction of dust as PAH molecules%phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_qPAH[0/0.8]? Lower uncertainty in qPAH (5)%stat.errorfloatnullableE_qPAH[0/0.8]? Upper uncertainty in qPAH (5)%stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableloggam[-4.8/0]? log best-fit mass fraction (4)phys.mass;meta.modelledfloatnullablee_loggam[0.03/1.1]? Lower uncertainty in qPAHstat.errorfloatnullableE_loggam[0.03/1.3]? Upper uncertainty in qPAHstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_logMdLimit flag on logMdmeta.code.errorcharlogMd[6.2/9] log best-fit total dust masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMd[0.01/0.5]? Lower uncertainty in logMdlog(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullableE_logMd[0.01/0.6]? Upper uncertainty in logMdlog(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablelogdGDR[2/2.2] log gas-to-dust ratio of galaxy (6)stat.fit.omcfloatl_logMgLimit flag on logMgmeta.code.errorcharlogMg[8.3/11] log total gas mass (7)log(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMg[0.2/0.6]? Uncertainty in logMglog(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullableTypeRadio type (8)meta.code.classcharf_NameFlag(s) on Name (9)meta.codecharFJ[0.6/35] J band (1.235 um) flux from 2MASSmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jfloate_FJ[0.1/1.5] Uncertainty in FJmJystat.errorfloatFH[0.6/43] H band (1.662 um) flux from 2MASSmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Hfloate_FH[0.1/2] Uncertainty in FHmJystat.errorfloatFKs[1.4/74] Ks band (2.159 um) flux from 2MASSmJyphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_FKs[0.1/1.7] Uncertainty in FKsmJystat.errorfloatFW1[3.6/137.7] W1 band (3.353 um) flux from WISEmJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_FW1[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in FW1mJystat.errorfloatFW2[5.4/189.2] W2 band (4.603 um) flux from WISEmJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_FW2[0.02/0.2] Uncertainty in FW2mJystat.errorfloatFW3[10.7/429] W3 band (11.561 um) flux from WISE (10)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloate_FW3[0.1/1] Uncertainty in FW3mJystat.errorfloatFW4[14/864.1] W4 band (22.088 um) flux from WISE (10)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_FW4[0.5/2.5] Uncertainty in FW4mJystat.errorfloatn_NameFlag on Name (11)meta.notecharF70[6/2373]? Herschel/PACS flux density at 70ummJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablee_F70[1.6/8]? Uncertainty in F70mJystat.errorfloatnullableF100[7/2385]? Herschel/PACS flux density at 100ummJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullablee_F100[1.9/13.2]? Uncertainty in F100mJystat.errorfloatnullableF160[18/1905]? Herschel/PACS flux density at 160ummJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatnullablef_F160[c] Flag on F160 (11)meta.codechare_F160[4/38]? Uncertainty in F160mJystat.errorfloatnullableF250[20/756]? Herschel/SPIRE flux density at 250ummJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatnullablee_F250[6/14.1]? Uncertainty in F250mJystat.errorfloatnullableF350[14/706]? Herschel/SPIRE flux density at 350ummJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatnullablef_F350[d] Flag on F350 (11)meta.codechare_F350[7/11]? Uncertainty in F350mJystat.errorfloatnullableF500[19/1035]? Herschel/SPIRE flux density at 500ummJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatnullablef_F500[d] Flag on F500 (11)meta.codechare_F500[8.5/15]? Uncertainty in F500mJystat.errorfloatnullablePGCatDisplay data from Shi+, 2014, J/ApJS/214/23 and Zhang+, 2016, J/ApJ/819/L27 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableRadNumber of archival FIR and radio data for this QSO (link to table 4)meta.numberintnullableSEDSED plot of this sourcemeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/854/158/table4Archival FIR and radio datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharlambda[70/1300]? Wavelengthumem.wlintnullableFreq[74/250000]? FrequencyMHzem.freqintnullableFnu[7.6/20820] Flux density for Freq or lambdamJyphot.fluxfloate_Fnu[0.9/2100] Uncertainty in FnumJystat.errorfloatBibCodeReferencemeta.ref;pos.framechar