J/ApJ/851/26ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/851/26doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18510026CDSVeyette M.J.Muirhead P.S.Mann A.W.Brewer J.M.Allard F.Homeier D.2018-10-22T07:56:54Z2018-09-10T09:08:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesm-starseffective-temperatureinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyastronomical-modelsThe ability to perform detailed chemical analysis of Sun-like F-, G-, and K-type stars is a powerful tool with many applications, including studying the chemical evolution of the Galaxy and constraining planet formation theories. Unfortunately, complications in modeling cooler stellar atmospheres hinders similar analyses of M dwarf stars. Empirically calibrated methods to measure M dwarf metallicity from moderate-resolution spectra are currently limited to measuring overall metallicity and rely on astrophysical abundance correlations in stellar populations. We present a new, empirical calibration of synthetic M dwarf spectra that can be used to infer effective temperature, Fe abundance, and Ti abundance. We obtained high-resolution (R~25000), Y-band (~1{mu}m) spectra of 29 M dwarfs with NIRSPEC on Keck II. Using the PHOENIX stellar atmosphere modeling code (version 15.5), we generated a grid of synthetic spectra covering a range of temperatures, metallicities, and alpha-enhancements. From our observed and synthetic spectra, we measured the equivalent widths of multiple Fe I and Ti I lines and a temperature-sensitive index based on the FeH band head. We used abundances measured from widely separated solar-type companions to empirically calibrate transformations to the observed indices and equivalent widths that force agreement with the models. Our calibration achieves precisions in Teff, [Fe/H], and [Ti/Fe] of 60K, 0.1dex, and 0.05dex, respectively, and is calibrated for 3200K<Teff<4100K, -0.7<[Fe/H]<+0.3, and -0.05<[Ti/Fe]<+0.3. This work is a step toward detailed chemical analysis of M dwarfs at a precision similar to what has been achieved for FGK stars.2017ApJ...851...26Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/851/26CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/MNRAS/389/585 : Fundamental parameters of M dwarfs (Casagrande+, 2008)J/ApJ/725/2349 : C/O vs Mg/Si of planetary systems (Delgado Mena+, 2010)J/ApJ/735/41 : Carbon and oxygen abundances in FGK stars (Petigura+, 2011)J/A+A/533/A141 : Stellar parameters for 582 HARPS FGK stars (Sousa+, 2011)J/A+A/545/A32 : Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars (Adibekyan+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)J/A+A/542/A33 : 3 M dwarfs near-infrared spectra (Onehag+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/ApJ/771/107 : Spectroscopy of faint KOI stars (Everett+, 2013)J/ApJ/765/12 : Carbon stars and DQ WDs from SDSS-DR7+DR8 (Green, 2013)J/AJ/145/52 : Late K & M dwarfs abundances in binary systems (Mann+, 2013)J/ApJ/779/188 : Spectra of nearby late K and M Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013)J/ApJ/770/43 : Spectroscopic [Fe/H] of Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013)J/A+A/556/A15 : Effective temperature scale of M dwarfs (Rajpurohit+, 2013)J/A+A/562/A71 : Abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/A+A/568/A25 : C and O abundances in stellar populations (Nissen+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/39 : Hot Jupiter exoplanets host stars abundances (Teske+, 2014)J/ApJ/808/187 : Metallicities of KIC stars without planets (Buchhave+, 2015)J/A+A/577/A132 : Stellar parameters of early M dwarfs (Maldonado+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJS/220/16 : SpeX NIR survey of 886 nearby M dwarfs (Terrien+, 2015)J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/20 : C/O and Mg/Si for solar neighborhood's stars (Brewer+, 2016)J/ApJS/225/32 : Extended abundance analysis of cool stars (Brewer+, 2016)J/ApJ/818/153 : MEarth photom.: nearby M-dwarf magnitudes (Dittmann+, 2016)J/ApJ/817/40 : NIR spectra of local giants (Feuillet+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation & Galactic kinematics of M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A88 : 5 M dwarfs radial velocity curves (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)J/ApJS/228/15 : MARVEL analysis of TiO energy levels (McKemmish+, 2017)J/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/26https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/26http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/26https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/26https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/26http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/26GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/851/26/table2 (Calibration sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/26/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/26/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/26/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true41.042779749.23166750.0055555555555555566/824 1762 1875 3118 4881 5009 5873 6662 7753 7831 8584 8717 9399 9888 10062 11546 16046 22709 22878 23018 25795 26015 26522 26924 27802 27973 28258 30848 31397 32324 32575 32645 44571https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/851/26?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/851/26/table2Calibration sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEWsDisplay the measured indices for this system (link to table 4)meta.ref.urlcharNameMM dwarf namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNameFGKFGK namemeta.idcharTeff[3167/4106] M dwarf effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveint[Fe/H][-0.8/0.4] FGK [Fe/H]log(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloat[Ti/Fe][-0.07/0.4] FGK [Ti/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatM13Display data from Mann+, 2013, J/AJ/145/52 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/851/26/table4Measured indices and EWs of calibration samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameMM dwarf namemeta.id;meta.maincharFeH[1/1.1] FeH index0.1nmspect.indexfloatFeI1.014[0.1/0.3] Fe I line between 1.01475-1.01506um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.021[0.05/0.3] Fe I line between 1.02183-1.02200um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.039[0.05/0.2] Fe I line between 1.03980-1.03990um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.042[0.04/0.2] Fe I line between 1.04253-1.04273um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.047[0.05/0.2] Fe I line between 1.04719-1.04733um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.053[0.04/0.1] Fe I line between 1.05343-1.05360um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.078[0.03/0.09] Fe I line between 1.07854-1.07867um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.000[0.07/0.2] Ti I line between 1.00001-1.00013um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.003[0.07/0.2] Ti I line between 1.00367-1.00378um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.005[0.06/0.3] Ti I line between 1.00597-1.00609um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.039[0.2/0.4] Ti I line between 1.03990-1.04009um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.049[0.2/0.4] Ti I line between 1.04979-1.05000um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.058[0.2/0.5] Ti I line between 1.05866-1.05886um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.061[0.05/0.2] Ti I line between 1.06100-1.06111um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.067[0.09/0.2] Ti I line between 1.06793-1.06806um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.072[0.1/0.3] Ti I line between 1.07285-1.07300um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.077[0.09/0.2] Ti I line between 1.07768-1.07787um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatJ/ApJ/851/26/table5Measured indices and EWs of model gridrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeff[3000/4200] Model effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledint[M/H][-1.0/0.5] Model [M/H]log(Sun)phys.abundfloat[a/M][-0.1/0.4] Model [{alpha}/M]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatFeH[1/1.2] FeH indexspect.indexfloatFeI1.014[0.02/0.5] Fe I line between 1.01475-1.01506um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.021[0.01/0.2] Fe I line between 1.02183-1.02200um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.039[0.04/0.2] Fe I line between 1.03980-1.03990um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.042[0.02/0.3] Fe I line between 1.04253-1.04273um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.047[0.02/0.2] Fe I line between 1.04719-1.04733um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.053[0.01/0.2] Fe I line between 1.05343-1.05360um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatFeI1.078[0/0.2] Fe I line between 1.07854-1.07867um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.000[0.01/0.3] Ti I line between 1.00001-1.00013um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.003[0.01/0.3] Ti I line between 1.00367-1.00378um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.005[0.01/0.2] Ti I line between 1.00597-1.00609um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.039[0.1/0.6] Ti I line between 1.03990-1.04009um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.049[0.07/0.6] Ti I line between 1.04979-1.05000um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.058[0.1/0.5] Ti I line between 1.05866-1.05886um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.061[0.009/0.2] Ti I line between 1.06100-1.06111um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.067[0.02/0.3] Ti I line between 1.06793-1.06806um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.072[0.05/0.4] Ti I line between 1.07285-1.07300um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatTiI1.077[0.02/0.3] Ti I line between 1.07768-1.07787um0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloat