J/ApJ/851/152ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/851/152doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18510152CDSBoyer M.L.McQuinn K.B.W.Groenewegen M.A.T.Zijlstra A.A.,Whitelock P.A.van Loon J.T.Sonneborn G.Sloan G.C.Skillman E.D.,Meixner M.McDonald I.Jones O.C.Javadi A.Gehrz R.D.Britavskiy N.,Bonanos A.Z.2018-10-22T08:11:56Z2018-09-10T14:35:39ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesgiant-starsinfrared-photometryThe survey for DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer (DUSTiNGS) identified several candidate Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars in nearby dwarf galaxies and showed that dust can form even in very metal-poor systems (Z~0.008Z_{sun}_). Here, we present a follow-up survey with WFC3/IR on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), using filters that are capable of distinguishing carbon-rich (C-type) stars from oxygen-rich (M-type) stars: F127M, F139M, and F153M. We include six star-forming DUSTiNGS galaxies (NGC147, IC10, Pegasus dIrr, SextansB, SextansA, and Sag DIG), all more metal-poor than the Magellanic Clouds and spanning 1dex in metallicity. We double the number of dusty AGB stars known in these galaxies and find that most are carbon rich. We also find 26 dusty M-type stars, mostly in IC 10. Given the large dust excess and tight spatial distribution of these M-type stars, they are most likely on the upper end of the AGB mass range (stars undergoing Hot Bottom Burning). Theoretical models do not predict significant dust production in metal-poor M-type stars, but we see evidence for dust excess around M-type stars even in the most metal-poor galaxies in our sample (12+log(O/H)=7.26-7.50). The low metallicities and inferred high stellar masses (up to ~10M_{sun}_) suggest that AGB stars can produce dust very early in the evolution of galaxies (~30Myr after they form), and may contribute significantly to the dust reservoirs seen in high-redshift galaxies.2017ApJ...851..152Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/851/152CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVI/125 : Theoretical spectra of red giants and supergiants (Lancon+, 2007)J/A+A/403/93 : Photom. of AGB stars in NGC 185 and NGC 147 (Nowotny+, 2003)J/A+A/448/181 : IR colours of AGB and post-AGB stars (Groenewegen+, 2006)J/MNRAS/376/313 : Carbon star in Magellanic Cloud (Groenewegen+, 2007)J/ApJ/664/850 : Spitzer observations of stars in M33 (McQuinn+, 2007)J/AJ/135/1395 : omega Cen Spitzer photometry (Boyer+, 2008)J/A+A/503/913 : Synthetic spectrophotom. for C-rich giants (Aringer+, 2009)J/A+A/506/1277 : Magellanic Cloud C/O stars modelisation (Groenewegen+, 2009)J/MNRAS/394/795 : AGB stars in Fornax dSph galaxy (Whitelock+, 2009)J/ApJ/711/361 : Local Group dE galaxies. II. (Geha+, 2010)J/PASP/122/683 : SAGE-Spec Spitzer legacy program (Kemper+, 2010)J/ApJ/715/1094 : Census of self-obscured massive stars (Khan+, 2010)J/AJ/142/103 : Cool evolved stars in SAGE-SMC and SAGE-LMC (Boyer+, 2011)J/A+A/532/A78 : Long-period variables in NGC 147 and NGC 185 (Lorenz+, 2011)J/ApJS/193/23 : Fundamental parameters in 47 Tucanae (McDonald+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/3492 : JHKs photometry of Sculptor dSph galaxy (Menzies+, 2011)J/ApJ/758/11 : Bayesian distances to M31 satellites (Conn+, 2012)J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/71 : Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI. (Riebel+, 2012)J/A+A/566/A44 : gr photometry of Sextans A and Sextans B (Bellazzini+, 2014)J/MNRAS/440/631 : IR photometry of LMC O-rich evolved stars (Jones+, 2014)J/MNRAS/439/2618 : VISTA variables in Sagittarius dSph (McDonald+, 2014)J/A+A/571/A43 : Cand. red supergiants in Galactic clusters (Messineo+, 2014)J/A+A/572/A42 : SagDIG carbon and oxygen stars (Momany+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/147 : Star formation histories of LG dwarf galaxies (Weisz+, 2014)J/ApJ/810/116 : S-type AGB stars in SMC (Boyer+, 2015)J/ApJS/216/10 : DUSTiNGS. I. The Good Source Catalog (Boyer+, 2015)J/ApJ/800/51 : DUSTiNGS II. Metal-poor dusty AGB stars (Boyer+, 2015)J/MNRAS/452/910 : IC 1613 asymptotic giant branch variables (Menzies+, 2015)J/MNRAS/451/3504 : Classification of IRS sources in the SMC (Ruffle+, 2015)J/ApJ/826/44 : Spitzer/IRS obs. of Magellanic carbon stars (Sloan+, 2016)J/MNRAS/457/2814 : SAGE SMC evolved stars candidates (Srinivasan+, 2016)J/MNRAS/470/3250 : SAGE LMC point-sources classification (Jones+, 2017)J/ApJ/839/88 : 14 IR transients with Spitzer (SPRITEs) (Kasliwal+, 2017)J/ApJ/834/9 : Spectrosc. obs. of LeoA, Aqr & Sgr dwarf gal. (Kirby+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/152https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/152http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/152https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/152https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/152http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/152GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/851/152/table7 (Dusty M-type AGB stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.290791748.48591110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/851/152/catalog (The HST-Spitzer catalog (table 3; updated version from the author))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/catalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/catalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/catalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.2072548.540250.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/851/152/table1 (Target information)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/152/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.300548.50873890.0055555555555555566/2777 3042 19990 26858 27351 296993.9193497546148093e-20 6.185923063528282e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/851/152?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/851/152/table7Dusty M-type AGB starsNoteNote(s) (3)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalGalaxy namemeta.id.parentcharDUST[44334/123385] DUSTiNGS identifier (G1)meta.id.crossintRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainF127Mmag[15.6/23] HST/WFC3 F127M filter magnitude, corrected for extinctionmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F127Mmag[0.001/0.1] F127Mmag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatF139Mmag[15.5/22.8] HST/WFC3 F139M filter magnitude, corrected for extinctionmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F139Mmag[0.001/0.2] F139Mmag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatF153Mmag[14.9/22] HST/WFC3 F153M filter magnitude, corrected for extinctionmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F153Mmag[0.001/0.07] F153Mmag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloat3.6mag[13/18.5] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 um magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_3.6mag[0.02/0.1] 3.6mag uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatf_3.6mag[a] Flag on 3.6mag (2)meta.codechar4.5mag[12.8/17.5] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 um magnitude (1)phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_4.5mag[0.03/0.08] 4.5mag uncertaintystat.errorfloatJ/ApJ/851/152/catalogThe HST-Spitzer catalog (table 3; updated version from the author)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintn_IDDisplay data for this dusty M-type star (link to table 7)meta.ref.urlintnullableID[100035/602411] Identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryDUST[37492/167198]? DUSTiNGS identifier (G1)meta.id.crossintnullableGalGalaxy identifiermeta.idcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainF127Mmag[15.2/23.6] HST/WFC3 F127M filter magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F127Mmag[0.001/0.2] The 1{sigma} error on F127Mmagmagstat.errorfloatF139Mmag[15/22.8] HST/WFC3 F139M filter magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F139Mmag[0.001/0.2] The 1{sigma} error on F139Mmagmagstat.errorfloatF153Mmag[14.6/22.4] HST/WFC3 F153M filter magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F153Mmag[0.001/0.2] The 1{sigma} error on F153Mmagmagstat.errorfloat3.6mag[13.1/20]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron band magnitude (2)(3)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0.02/0.3]? The 1{sigma} error on 3.6magmagstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag[12.8/20.3]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band magnitude (2)(3)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0.02/0.3]? The 1{sigma} error on 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatnullableClassC-type (carbon-rich) or M-type (oxygen-rich) classification; see Section 2.4src.classcharVar[0/1] x-AGB variable flag (4)meta.codeintD[0/1] Dusty flag (5)meta.codeintC[0/1] Contamination flag (6)meta.codeintPapIIDisplay data from Paper II (Boyer+, 2015, J/ApJ/800/51)meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/851/152/table1Target informationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharANameAlternative namemeta.idcharTTypeMorphological typesrc.morph.typecharDist[0.7/1.5] Distance derived from F814W (I-band) TRGB estimates (1)Mpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloat[Fe/H][-2.1/-1.1] [Fe/H] abundance (2)log(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H][0.1/0.2]? [Fe/H] uncertaintylog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatnullablelogOH[0/8.2]? 12+log(O/H) abundance (3)phys.abundfloatnullablee_logOH[0.05/0.2]? logOH uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullablef_logOH[a] a: Range 7.26-7.50meta.codecharVMag[-15/-11.5] V-band absolute magnitude from McConnachie (2012, J/AJ/144/4) and references thereinmagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VMag[0.1/0.3] VMag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatAv[0.09/2.4] Av from Weisz+ (2014, J/ApJ/789/147)magphys.absorptionfloatNsNumber of AGB candidates for this galaxy (link to Catalog)meta.numberintnullableW14Display data from Weisz+, 2014, J/ApJ/789/147meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main