J/ApJ/851/116ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/851/116doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18510116CDSMontet B.T.Tovar G.Foreman-Mackey D.2018-10-23T07:15:04Z2018-09-10T13:53:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frg-starsphotometryvisible-astronomyPhotometry from the Kepler mission is optimized to detect small, short- duration signals like planet transits at the expense of long-term trends. This long-term variability can be recovered in photometry from the full-frame images (FFIs), a set of calibration data collected approximately monthly during the Kepler mission. Here we present f3, an open-source package to perform photometry on the Kepler FFIs in order to detect changes in the brightness of stars in the Kepler field of view over long time baselines. We apply this package to a sample of 4000 Sun-like stars with measured rotation periods. We find that ~10% of these targets have long-term variability in their observed flux. For the majority of targets, we find that the luminosity variations are either correlated or anticorrelated with the short-term variability due to starspots on the stellar surface. We find a transition between anticorrelated (starspot-dominated) variability and correlated (facula-dominated) variability between rotation periods of 15 and 25 days, suggesting the transition between the two modes is complete for stars at the age of the Sun. We also identify a sample of stars with apparently complete cycles, as well as a collection of short-period binaries with extreme photometric variation over the Kepler mission.2017ApJ...851..116Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/851/116CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/AJ/138/312 : Activity of bright solar analogs (Hall+, 2009)J/A+A/523/A48 : Gaia photometry (Jordi+, 2010)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJS/199/30 : Effective temperatures for KIC stars (Pinsonneault+, 2012)J/ApJ/763/L26 : SMARTS observations of eps Eridani (Metcalfe+, 2013)J/A+A/557/L10 : Rotation periods of 12000 Kepler stars (Nielsen+, 2013)J/MNRAS/431/966 : Transiting planet WASP-50b (Tregloan-Reed+, 2013)J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/19 : LAMOST obs. in the Kepler field. I. (De Cat+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/12 : S-index and Stroemgren LC of HD30495 (Egeland+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/100 : Deep GALEX NUV survey of the Kepler field. I. (Olmedo+, 2015)J/MNRAS/452/2127 : Fundamental param. of Kepler stars (Silva Aguirre+, 2015)J/ApJ/818/43 : Stellar surface gravity measures of KIC stars (Bastien+, 2016)J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016)J/A+A/592/A156 : The Solar Twin Planet Search. IV. (dos Santos+, 2016)J/ApJ/818/34 : Radial velocity monitoring of 5 FGK stars (Endl+, 2016)J/ApJ/838/25 : Hectochelle spectroscopy for 776 Kepler stars (Guo+, 2017)J/A+A/603/A52 : Activity cycles in 3203 Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/116https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/116http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/851/116https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/116https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/116http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/851/116GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/851/116/table1 (Stars with observed long-term variability during the Kepler mission)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/116/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/116/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/116/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.191204437.42608810.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/851/116/table2 (Stars with apparently complete magnetic cycles)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/116/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/116/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/851/116/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.435796137.93739920.0055555555555555564/933 945 5/3646 3647 3688 3690 3691 3694 3706 3776 3778 3784 3785 3789 3792 6/14579 14581 14582 14583 14730 14731 14733 14734 14735 14744 14746 14750 14751 14756 14758 14759 14768 14770 14771 14772 14775 14781 14782 14783 14794 14816 14818 14828 14830 14831 14915 14918 14919 14921 14922 14923 14925 14926 14944 14946 14953 14954 14955 14957 14958 14959 14960 14963 14964 14966 14967 14969 14970 14971 14972 14973 14975 15040 15041 15057 15059 15060 15061 15110 15116 15118 15119 15146 15147 15148 15149 15150 15153 15154 15155 15160 15172 15173 15174 15178 15200 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/851/116?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/851/116/table1Stars with observed long-term variability during the Kepler missionVarVariability if determinable (Spots or Faculae) (1)meta.code;src.varcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPerstars with apparently complete magnetic cycles (link to table 2)meta.ref.urlcharKIC[2013503/12690265] Kepler Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryProt[0.3/65.2] Rotation period from McQuillan+ (2014, J/ApJS/211/24)dtime.periodfloatKpmag[9.5/16] Kepler Input Catalog magnitude from Brown+ (2011, J/AJ/142/112).magphot.mag;em.optfloatB-V[0.5/0.8]? The (B-V) color index from Everett+ (2012PASP..124..316E)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatnullableScat[0.4/41.6] Scatter in measured FFI photometry; parts per thousandstat.errorfloatNotesAdditional comment(s) (2)meta.notecharKCatDisplay data from the KIC catalogs (V/133 and McQuillan+, 2014, J/ApJS/211/24)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/851/116/table2Stars with apparently complete magnetic cyclesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKIC[2694810/12417799] Kepler Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintf_KIC[a] a: Cycle observed and period inferred from the photometric activity index, S_ph_, variabilitymeta.codecharSemiAmp[0.1/2]? Semiamplitude%src.orbitalfloatnullablePer[1.6/4.5] Periodyrtime.periodfloatKCatDisplay data from the KIC catalogs (V/133 and McQuillan+, 2014, J/ApJS/211/24)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main