J/ApJ/850/94ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/850/94doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18500094CDSWilson M.L.Zabludoff A.I.Keeton C.R.Wong K.C.Williams K.A.,French K.D.Momcheva I.G.2019-05-09T14:47:06Z2019-04-02T09:33:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgravitational-lensingvisible-astronomyspectroscopyredshiftedgalaxy-kinematicsStrong gravitational lensing provides an independent measurement of the Hubble parameter (H_0_). One remaining systematic is a bias from the additional mass due to a galaxy group at the lens redshift or along the sightline. We quantify this bias for more than 20 strong lenses that have well-sampled sightline mass distributions, focusing on the convergence {kappa} and shear {gamma}. In 23% of these fields, a lens group contributes >=1% convergence bias; in 57%, there is a similarly significant line-of-sight group. For the nine time-delay lens systems, H0 is overestimated by 11_-2_^+3^% on average when groups are ignored. In 67% of fields with total {kappa}>=0.01, line-of-sight groups contribute >~2x more convergence than do lens groups, indicating that the lens group is not the only important mass. Lens environment affects the ratio of four (quad) to two (double) image systems; all seven quads have lens groups while only 3 of 10 doubles do, and the highest convergences due to lens groups are in quads. We calibrate the {gamma}-{kappa} relation: log({kappa}_tot_)=(1.94+/-0.34)log({gamma}_tot_)+(1.31+/-0.49) with an rms scatter of 0.34dex. Although shear can be measured directly from lensed images, unlike convergence, it can be a poor predictor of convergence; for 19% of our fields, {kappa} is >~2{gamma}. Thus, accurate cosmology using strong gravitational lenses requires precise measurement and correction for all significant structures in each lens field.2017ApJ...850...94Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/850/94CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/112/407 : The FIRST bright QSO survey (Gregg+, 1996)J/ApJ/496/39 : Properties of poor groups of galaxies. I. (Zabludoff+ 1998)J/A+A/358/77 : Hamburg/ESO survey for bright QSOs. III. (Wisotzki+, 2000)J/ApJ/641/169 : Spectroscopy in lens fields (Momcheva+, 2006)J/ApJ/730/119 : HST/WFC3 obs. of Cepheids in SN Ia hosts (Riess+, 2011)J/ApJ/781/2 : Redshifts of 1151 galaxies from SDSS (Ammons+, 2014)J/ApJS/219/29 : Spectrosc. redshifts in strong lens fields (Momcheva+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/194 : Group of gal. in gravitational lens fields (Wilson+, 2016)J/MNRAS/465/4914 : R-band light curves of HE 0435-1223 (Bonvin+, 2017)http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/castles : The gravitational lens data basehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/94https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/94GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/850/94/table1 (Lens systems)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/94/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/94/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/94/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true109.015247.14740.0055555555555555566/4596 6217 6926 8707 8912 9387 9837 10743 11364 16644 19131 22581 25245 25480 26372 27095 27127 27232 28245 31615 35218 40274 43947 44673 47424 48389https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/850/94?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/850/94/table1Lens systemsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharf_zS2Flag on zS2 (1)meta.codecharzLLens redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatf_zLFlag on zL (1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNgNumber of group (+total) in this field (link to table 3)meta.numberintnullableFieldField designationobs.fieldcharprimaryRAJ2000[12.4/328.1] Lens right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-47.4/53] Lens declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainf_posFlag on coordinates (1)meta.codecharzS? Redshift of the sourcesrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablef_zSFlag on zS (1)meta.codecharzS2? Second source redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableImgImage number and type from CASTLES (2)meta.codecharSize[0.7/3.8] Size estimates of twice the average Einstein radius from CASTLESarcsecphys.angSize;stat.meanfloatn_Size[0/3]? Size type from CASTLES (3)meta.noteintnullableNgr[6/55]? Number of group member from Wilson+ (2016, J/ApJ/833/194)meta.numberintnullablezGr[0.2/0.7]? Lens group redshift from Wilson+ (2016, J/ApJ/833/194)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableR[0.1/6]? Projected angular distance between the lens and the group centroid from Wilson+ (2016, J/ApJ/833/194)arcminpos.angDistancefloatnullableSig[110/800]? Lens group velocity dispersion from Wilson+ (2016, J/ApJ/833/194)km/sphys.veloc.dispersionintnullablee_Sig[20/530]? Sig negative uncertaintykm/sstat.errorintnullableE_Sig[20/140]? Sig positive uncertaintykm/sstat.error;stat.maxintnullablerVir[0.2/1.6]? Lens group virial radius from Wilson+ (2016, J/ApJ/833/194)phys.size.radiusfloatnullableW16Display the group data from Wilson+, 2016, J/ApJ/833/194meta.ref.urlcharM15Display the lens galaxy data from Momcheva+, 2015, J/ApJS/219/29, within 3.5"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/850/94/table3Lensing properties of groupskappaeff[0/0.5]? Effective convergence {kappa}_eff_stat.fit.paramfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldField identifiermeta.id;obs.fieldcharGroupGroup identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharf_Group[ef*] Flag on Group (2)meta.codecharNm[3/230]? Number of members (3)meta.numberintnullablezGr[0.02/0.8]? Group redshift (3)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableE_zGr[0/0.003]? Upper uncertainty in zgrpstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_zGr[0/0.002]? Lower uncertainty in zgrpstat.errorfloatnullableSig[20/1200]? Group velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionintnullableE_Sig[10/710]? Upper uncertainty in sigmagrpkm/sstat.error;stat.maxintnullablee_Sig[0.2/570]? Lower uncertainty in sigmagrpkm/sstat.errorintnullableR[0.001/18]? Projected distance (4)arcminpos.angDistancefloatnullableE_kappaeff[0/0.3]? Upper uncertainty in kappaeffstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_kappaeff[0/0.2]? Lower uncertainty in kappaeffstat.errorfloatnullablegammaeff[0.001/0.3]? Effective shear {gamma}_eff_stat.fit.paramfloatnullableE_gammaeff[0.0002/0.09]? Upper uncertainty in gammaeffstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_gammaeff[0/0.06]? Lower uncertainty in gammaeffstat.errordoublenullabletheta[-177/180]? Position angle (5)degpos.posAngintnullable