J/ApJ/850/34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/850/34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18500034CDSBar I.Vreeswijk P.Gal-Yam A.Ofek E.O.Nelemans G.2018-08-24T07:52:09Z2018-07-23T07:39:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsstellar-spectral-typesmultiple-starsvisible-astronomyspectroscopyinfrared-astronomystellar-distanceRecent studies of the stellar population in the solar neighborhood (<20pc) suggest that there are undetected white dwarfs (WDs) in multiple systems with main-sequence companions. Detecting these hidden stars and obtaining a more complete census of nearby WDs is important for our understanding of stellar and galactic evolution, as well as the study of explosive phenomena. In an attempt to uncover these hidden WDs, we present intermediate resolution spectroscopy over the wavelength range of 3000-25000{AA} of 101 nearby M dwarfs (dMs), observed with the Very Large Telescope X-Shooter spectrograph. For each star we search for a hot component superimposed on the dM spectrum. X-Shooter has excellent blue sensitivity and thus can reveal a faint hot WD despite the brightness of its red companion. Visual examination shows no clear evidence of a WD in any of the spectra. We place upper limits on the effective temperatures of WDs that may still be hiding by fitting dM templates to the spectra and modeling the WD spectra. On average our survey is sensitive to WDs hotter than about 5300K. This suggests that the frequency of WD companions of Teff>~5300K with separation of the order of <~50 au among the local dM population is <3% at the 95% confidence level.2017ApJ...850...34Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/850/34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/eso : ESO Science Archive Catalog (ESO, 1991-2018)B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/PASP/110/863 : A Stellar Spectral Flux Library: 1150 - 25000 A (Pickles 1998)J/ApJS/133/413 : BVRIJHK photometry of cool white dwarfs (Bergeron+, 2001)J/ApJ/571/512 : Distances of white dwarf stars (Holberg+, 2002)J/AJ/128/426 : Subdwarfs in the SDSS (West+, 2004)J/AJ/132/1221 : VJHK and SDSS photometry of DA white dwarfs (Holberg+, 2006)J/AJ/135/1225 : Parameters of the local white dwarfs (Holberg+, 2008)J/AJ/137/3358 : Speckle interferometry of massive stars (Mason+, 2009)J/AJ/138/1681 : WD within 20pc of the Sun (Sion+, 2009)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/PASP/122/885 : Gliese cat. star/2MASS cross identifications (Stauffer+, 2010)J/ApJ/730/128 : Spectroscopy of DA WD from the SDSS-DR4 (Tremblay+, 2011)J/ApJS/204/5 : SDSS DR7 white dwarf catalog (Kleinman+, 2013)J/A+A/565/A117 : X-Shooter Spectral Library (XSL). DR1 (Chen+, 2014)J/MNRAS/437/1216 : VAST Survey. A-type stars multiplicity (De Rosa+, 2014)J/A+A/568/A9 : 300-2500nm flux calibration reference spectra (Moehler+, 2014)J/ApJ/817/1 : Palomar/MSU & SDSS-DR7 M dwarfs with GALEX obs. (Jones+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/850/34/mdwarfs (Spectral analysis of the 101 observed M dwarfs (tables 1 and 2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/34/mdwarfs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/34/mdwarfs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/34/mdwarfs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.224791720.83955560.0055555555555555566/65 105 309 410 546 547 725 836 1025 1122 2190 2316 4462 4553 4560 4693 4708 4936 5009 5278 5385 5651 6277 6325 6410 6676 8392 8776 8894 12454 12601 12777 16486 16543 16689 16993 17186 17202 17534 17813 18440 18538 18559 18761 19040 19163 19257 19536 19777 19808 19886 19901 19955 20074 20154 20299 20314 21050 21925 22222 22325 22336 22904 23265 23388 23391 23426 23910 24362 25091 25300 26279 26388 26972 28382 28459 28955 30910 31148 31226 31592 31994 32015 32296 33049 35325 35327 35761 35818 39792 40167 40359 40505 40820 40868 44001 44793 44866 46726 47953 48423https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/850/34?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/850/34/mdwarfsSpectral analysis of the 101 observed M dwarfs (tables 1 and 2)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharTempTemplate Namemeta.idcharRSS[3750/10500]? Template temperature limit from Residual Sum of Squares (RSS) scoreKphys.temperatureintnullableEnv[5000/9500]? Template temperature limit from fit residuals envelopeKphys.temperatureintnullableBlue[3750/8500] Template temperature limit from total blue fluxKphys.temperatureintActActivity (1)meta.codecharSepCompanion separation from WDS (2)arcsecpos.angDistancecharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTMK Spectral Type (M2 to M7) from SIMBADsrc.spTypecharVmag[10.4/16] Apparent V band magnitude from Gliese+, 1991, V/70magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatDist[2.9/20] Distance from Gliese+, 1991, V/70pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatObsObservation datestime.epoch;obsnullableAirmass[1/2.3] Airmassobs.airMassfloatSeeing[0.3/1.6] Seeingarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatUVB[60/360] UVB Exposurestime.expointVIS[30/300] VIS Exposurestime.expointnNIR[4] NIR Exposure, coaddsmeta.numberintNIR[10/100] NIR Exposurestime.expointWDSDisplay the WDS data (B/wds) within 15"meta.ref.urlchar