J/ApJ/849/63ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/849/63doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18490063CDSRibas A.Espaillat C.C.Macias E.Bouy H.Andrews S.Calvet N.,Naylor D.A.Riviere-Marichalar P.van der Wiel M.H.D.Wilner D.2020-10-02T07:49:34Z2018-07-19T09:47:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsspectral-energy-distributioninfrared-photometrymillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyyoung-stellar-objectsFar-infrared and (sub)millimeter fluxes can be used to study dust in protoplanetary disks, the building blocks of planets. Here, we combine observations from the Herschel Space Observatory with ancillary data of 284 protoplanetary disks in the Taurus, Chamaeleon I, and Ophiuchus star-forming regions, covering from the optical to mm/cm wavelengths. We analyze their spectral indices as a function of wavelength and determine their (sub)millimeter slopes when possible. Most disks display observational evidence of grain growth, in agreement with previous studies. No correlation is found between other tracers of disk evolution and the millimeter spectral indices. A simple disk model is used to fit these sources, and we derive posterior distributions for the optical depth at 1.3mm and 10au, the disk temperature at this same radius, and the dust opacity spectral index {beta}. We find the fluxes at 70{mu}m to correlate strongly with disk temperatures at 10au, as derived from these simple models. We find tentative evidence for spectral indices in Chamaeleon I being steeper than those of disks in Taurus/Ophiuchus, although more millimeter observations are needed to confirm this trend and identify its possible origin. Additionally, we determine the median spectral energy distribution of each region and find them to be similar across the entire wavelength range studied, possibly due to the large scatter in disk properties and morphologies.2017ApJ...849...63Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/849/63CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)V/139 : SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)J/AJ/124/404 : Upper Sco OB association Lithium survey. II. (Preibisch, 2002)J/ApJ/671/1800 : SCUBA observations of {rho} Oph cloud (Andrews+, 2007)J/ApJ/671/1784 : Ori OB1 IRAC/MIPS observations (Hernandez+, 2007)J/ApJS/173/104 : Stellar population in Chamaeleon I (Luhman, 2007)J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009)J/ApJ/693/L81 : Extinction in star-forming regions (McClure, 2009)J/A+A/527/A145 : Chamaeleon I 870um sources (Belloche+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/50 : MIR monitoring of the ONC (Morales-Calderon+, 2011)J/ApJ/746/154 : Kinematic parallaxes for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)J/PASP/125/477 : Gas Survey of Protoplanetary Systems. I. (Dent+, 2013)J/ApJ/775/63 : Gould's Belt VLA Survey. I. Ophiuchus complex (Dzib+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/A+A/581/A30 : Herschel maps of {rho} Oph (Rebollido+, 2015)J/ApJ/831/125 : ALMA 887{mu}m obs. of ChaI star-forming reg. (Pascucci+, 2016)J/A+A/594/A59 : Far-IR lines in YSOs Herschel-PACS (Riviere-Marichalar+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/849/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/849/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/849/63https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/849/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/849/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/849/63GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/849/63/table11 (Summary of Herschel OBSIDs of large maps)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/table11?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/table11?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/table11?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true60.9958326.297780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/849/63/ysos (*Adopted stellar parameters, millimeter and IR spectral indices, and 10 micron silicate feature properties for the -- from erratum published in 2020, ApJ, 901, 88)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/ysos?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/ysos?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/ysos?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true63.549528.198194440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/849/63/table12 (Additional Herschel observations of sources outside large maps)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/table12?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/table12?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/849/63/table12?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true69.7708323.629170.0055555555555555565/270 292 6/342 1029 1030 1031 1036 1037 1039 1040 1042 1043 1047 1048 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1061 1063 1067 1068 1073 1074 1075 1084 1111 1114 1115 1123 1124 1126 1136 1154 1156 1157 1159 1176 23543 23548 23549 23551 24201 24203 24294 24295 24300 24302 36956 36957 36958 37122 37128 42958 42970 42980 42981 42983 42988 42989 42994 443563.2031150387835462e-22 3.243176138527326e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/849/63?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJ/849/63/table11Summary of Herschel OBSIDs of large mapsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionStar formation region identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharObsId1[1342190617/1342239280] First Herschel ObsIdmeta.id;obslongObsId2[1342190616/1342239281] Second Herschel ObsIdmeta.id;obslongf_ObsId[a] Flag on ObsId (1)meta.codecharInstInstrument (PACS or SPIRE) and bands in ummeta.notecharRAJ2000Central hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Central degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/849/63/fig11Obtained median SEDs for Taurus, Chamaeleon, and OphiuchusrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionStar formation region identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharlambda[0.3/3300] Wavelengthumem.wlfloatb_Fnu[0.004/1.5] The 1st quartile boundary on Fnu (1)meta.notedoubleFnu[0.007/3.3] Median flux density (1)phot.flux;em.X-raydoubleB_Fnu[0.02/6] The 3rd quartile boundary on Fnu (1)meta.notedoublen_lambdaBand/filter or source for Wave (Andrews+ 2013, J/ApJ/771/129)meta.notecharo_Fnu[5/67] Number of data points used to construct Fluxmeta.numberintJ/ApJ/849/63/ysos*Adopted stellar parameters, millimeter and IR spectral indices, and 10 micron silicate feature properties for the -- from erratum published in 2020, ApJ, 901, 88SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharF160[60/70000]? Herschel/PACS 160um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintOut1: display additional Herschel observations for this source ouside large maps (link to table 12)meta.ref.urlintnullableNameSource identifier as given in Refmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_Nameindicates an object with nearby sources/extended emission in Herschel maps (link to table 16)meta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTAdopted spectral type as given in Refsrc.spTypecharTeff[2450/20600] Adopted effective temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintL*[0.0009/3590]? Luminosity (2)solLumphys.luminositydoublenullableAv[0/14.8] Adopted visual extinction (3)magphys.absorptionfloatRegionCorresponding star-forming regionmeta.id.parentcharRefReference identifier (ADS bibcode)pos.framecharF70[21/140000]? Herschel/PACS 70um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umintnullablee_F70[4/30000]? Uncertainty in F70mJystat.errorintnullableF100[11/70000]? Herschel/PACS 100um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umintnullablee_F100[2/10000]? Uncertainty in F100mJystat.errorintnullablee_F160[10/10000]? Uncertainty in F160mJystat.errorintnullableF250[47/39000]? Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzintnullablee_F250[9/8000]? Uncertainty in F250mJystat.errorintnullableF350[60/24000]? Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzintnullablee_F350[10/5000]? Uncertainty in F350mJystat.errorintnullableF500[70/12000]? Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzintnullablee_F500[10/2000]? Uncertainty in F500mJystat.errorintnullablealpha-m[1.5/4.8]? Millimeter spectral indexspect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha-m[0.05/1.2]? Lower uncertainty in alpha-mmstat.errorfloatnullableE_alpha-m[0.03/0.8]? Upper uncertainty in alpha-mmstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablen_alpha-mWavelength range used to calculate alpha-mmummeta.notecharo_alpha-m[2/13]? Number of points used to estimate alpha-mmmeta.numberintnullablealpha-I1[-2.6/3]? The 5-12.9 micron spectral indexspect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha-I1[0.007/5]? Lower uncertainty in alpha-IR1stat.errorfloatnullableE_alpha-I1[0.008/5]? Upper uncertainty in alpha-IR1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablealpha-I2[-4.5/5]? The 12.9-31 micron spectral indexspect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha-I2[0.01/4]? Lower uncertainty in alpha-IR2stat.errorfloatnullableE_alpha-I2[0.009/5]? Upper uncertainty in alpha-IR2stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableSiStr[-1.6/2.2]? Estimated silicate feature strength (4)spect.line.intensityfloatnullablee_SiStr[0.0002/26.7]? Lower uncertainty in SiStrstat.errorfloatnullableE_SiStr[0.002/12.8]? Upper uncertainty in SiStrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableSiSh[0.1/10]? Estimated silicate feature shape (4)meta.notefloatnullablee_SiSh[0.008/20]? Lower uncertainty in SiShstat.errorfloatnullableE_SiSh[0.008/10]? Upper uncertainty in SiShstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableSPIRE[s] s: SPIRE spectrum available in SPIRE_sp directory; column added by CDSmeta.codecharSED[e] e: SED available in SEDs directory; column added by CDSmeta.codecharIRS[i] i: IRS spectrum available in IRS_sp directory; column added by CDSmeta.codecharFileName of the source as in file designationsmeta.idcharJ/ApJ/849/63/table12Additional Herschel observations of sources outside large mapsNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObsId1[1342193130/1342243438] First Herschel obsIdmeta.id;obslongObsId2[1342216546/1342243439]? Second Herschel obsId (for single observation, only ObsId1 is given)meta.id;obslongnullableFilt1First wavelengthumem.wlintFilt2Second wavelengthumem.wlintf_Filt2[a] Flag on Filt2 (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000Central hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Central degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/849/63/table13SPIRE FTS spectra used (after quality check)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharObsId[1342224749/1342265857] Herschel observation IDmeta.id;obslongJ/ApJ/849/63/table16Objects with nearby sources/extended emission in Herschel mapsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharNoteText of the notemeta.note