J/ApJ/846/98ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/846/98doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18460098CDSJorstad S.G.Marscher A.P.Morozova D.A.Troitsky I.S.Agudo I.,Casadio C.Foord A.Gomez J.L.MacDonald N.R.Molina S.N.,Lahteenmaki A.Tammi J.Tornikoski M.2018-09-25T12:10:41Z2018-06-06T07:45:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiradio-continuum-emissiongamma-ray-astronomyinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometryinterferometryWe analyze the parsec-scale jet kinematics from 2007 June to 2013 January of a sample of {gamma}-ray bright blazars monitored roughly monthly with the Very Long Baseline Array at 43GHz. In a total of 1929 images, we measure apparent speeds of 252 emission knots in 21 quasars, 12 BL Lacertae objects (BLLacs), and 3 radio galaxies, ranging from 0.02c to 78c; 21% of the knots are quasi-stationary. Approximately one-third of the moving knots execute non-ballistic motions, with the quasars exhibiting acceleration along the jet within 5pc (projected) of the core, and knots in BLLacs tending to decelerate near the core. Using the apparent speeds of the components and the timescales of variability from their light curves, we derive the physical parameters of 120 superluminal knots, including variability Doppler factors, Lorentz factors, and viewing angles. We estimate the half-opening angle of each jet based on the projected opening angle and scatter of intrinsic viewing angles of knots. We determine characteristic values of the physical parameters for each jet and active galactic nucleus class based on the range of values obtained for individual features. We calculate the intrinsic brightness temperatures of the cores, T_b,int_^core^, at all epochs, finding that the radio galaxies usually maintain equipartition conditions in the cores, while ~30% of T_b,int_^core^ measurements in the quasars and BLLacs deviate from equipartition values by a factor >10. This probably occurs during transient events connected with active states.2017ApJ...846...98Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/846/98CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/604/A111 : 22GHz image of 3C 273 (Bruni+, 2017)J/A+A/597/A80 : GMVA 86GHz images of OJ 287 (Hodgson+, 2017)J/AJ/152/12 : MOJAVE. XIII. New 15GHz obs. on 1994-2013 (Lister+, 2016)J/AJ/151/142 : Five years of blazar obs. with VERITAS (Archambault+, 2016)J/ApJ/816/53 : Multiwavelength obs. of BL Lac in 2012-2013 (Wehrle+, 2016)J/ApJ/813/51 : {gamma}-ray to IR study of the blazar CTA 102 (Casadio+, 2015)J/ApJ/808/162 : VLBA 15 and 43GHz obs. of 3C 120 (Casadio+, 2015)J/A+A/578/A22 : Mrk421 in March 2010 (Aleksic+, 2015)J/AJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/7 : SaMOSA: optical spectroscopy of 7 Fermi blazars (Isler+, 2015)J/ApJ/798/134 : MOJAVE. XII. Acceleration of blazar jets (Homan+, 2015)J/AJ/148/42 : S4 0954+658 outburst in 2011 March-April (Morozova+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/135 : Gamma-ray bright blazars spectrophotometry (Williamson+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/1899 : Fermi bright blazars (Fuhrmann+, 2014)J/AJ/147/143 : MOJAVE. XI. Spectral distributions (Hovatta+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/151 : Fitted jet components in BL Lacertae (Cohen+, 2014)J/A+A/559/A75 : 43GHz observation of the blazar Mrk 421 (Blasi+, 2013)J/AJ/146/120 : MOJAVE. X. Parsec-scale kinematics of AGNs (Lister+, 2013)J/ApJ/772/13 : VLBI observations of 3C 279 at 230GHz (Lu+, 2013)J/ApJ/768/40 : R-band and polarimetry of blazar S5 0716+71 (Larionov+, 2013)J/A+A/541/A160 : Planck + X/{gamma} observations of blazars (Giommi+, 2012)J/A+A/535/A69 : AGN Fermi/LAT {gamma}-ray and 37GHz fluxes (Nieppola+, 2011)J/ApJ/740/98 : Synchroton peak for blazars and radio galaxies (Meyer+, 2011)J/AJ/138/1874 : MOJAVE. VI. Kinematic analysis of blazar jets (Lister+, 2009)J/ApJ/706/1253 : MOJAVE VII. Blazar jet acceleration (Homan+, 2009)J/AJ/135/2453 : Sample of BL Lac objects from SDSS and FIRST (Plotkin+, 2008)J/ApJ/657/706 : EGRET blazar gamma-ray spectrum (Nandikotkur+, 2007)J/AJ/130/2473 : Fine-scale structure in 250 sources at 15GHz (Kovalev+, 2005)J/AJ/130/1418 : AGN jet kinematics (Jorstad+, 2005)J/ApJ/609/539 : Kinematics of parsec-scale radio jets (Kellermann+, 2004)J/ApJS/123/79 : Third EGRET catalog (3EG) (Hartman+, 1999)http://www.bu.edu/blazars/VLBAproject.html : VLBA-BU-BLAZAR program home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/846/98https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/846/98http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/846/98https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/846/98https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/846/98http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/846/98GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/846/98/table1 (The VLBA-BU-BLAZAR sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/98/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/98/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/98/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true35.6650543.03552220.0055555555555555566/579 1263 1701 2414 4695 4770 4820 5423 7570 7896 7969 9442 9460 9633 10422 13927 18661 19398 20099 21972 23099 23121 23323 24084 25302 25864 26131 26292 27060 28083 28479 28492 29570 31894 42901 449082.8492099152324443e-23 2.8492099152324443e-23https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/846/98?format=asciiRadioGamma-rayInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/846/98/table3Jet structureKnotKnot designationmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifier (HHMM+ddd; B1950)meta.id.parentcharprimaryN[3/76] Number of epochs knot was detectedmeta.numberintS43avg[0.01/11.3] Mean 43GHz flux density <S> (1)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S43avg[0.008/6.1] Standard deviation in S43avgJystat.errorfloatRavg[0/5] Mean distance <R> (2)maspos.angDistance;stat.meanfloate_Ravg[0.01/2]? Standard deviation in Ravgmasstat.errorfloatnullablethetaavg? Mean position angle for knot <{theta}> (3)degpos.posAng;stat.meanfloatnullablee_thetaavg[0.4/44.1]? Standard deviation in thetaavgdegstat.errorfloatnullableaavg[0.02/1.3] Mean knot size <a> (1)masphys.angSizefloate_aavg[0.01/0.5] Standard deviation in amasstat.errorfloatTypeKnot type (4)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/846/98/table7Physical parameters of jet featuresrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifier (HHMM+ddd; B1950)meta.id.parentcharKnotKnot designationmeta.id;meta.mainchartau[0.1/3.2] Timescale of variability of flux densityyrsrc.varfloate_tau[0.007/0.9] Standard deviation in tauyrstat.errorfloataavg[0.07/0.6] Mean knot size <a>masphys.angSizefloate_aavg[0.02/0.3] Standard deviation in aavgmasstat.errorfloato_tau[3/46] Number of measurements for calculating taumeta.numberintdelta[1.3/60] Variability Doppler factor {delta}_var_spect.dopplerParamfloate_delta[0.4/24] Standard deviation in deltastat.error;pos.eq.decfloatGamma[3.7/37.3] Bulk Lorentz factor {Gamma}stat.fit.paramfloate_Gamma[0.7/9] Standard deviation in Gammastat.errorfloattheta[0.3/22.1] Intrinsic viewing angle {Theta}_deg_degpos.posAngfloate_theta[0/5.1] Standard deviation in thetadegstat.error;pos.posAngfloatJ/ApJ/846/98/table1The VLBA-BU-BLAZAR samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNkNumber of knots for this blazar (link to table 5)meta.numberintnullableIDSource identifier (HHMM+ddd; B1950)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_IDFlag on ID (1)meta.codecharPDisplay the physical parameters of jet features (table 7)meta.numberintnullableNcDisplay the jet modeling (table 2)meta.numberintnullableONameCommon namemeta.idcharTypeObject typesrc.classcharzRedshift from NEDsrc.redshiftfloatf_z[d] d: Redshift has not been confirmedmeta.codecharS43avg[0.2/18.1] Mean VLBA 43GHz flux density <S_43_>Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S43avg[0.07/10] S43avg uncertaintyJystat.errorfloatSgamavg[2/78] Average {gamma}-ray photon flux at 0.1-200GeV; in 10^-8^ph/cm^2^/sphot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloate_Sgamavg[1.9/158] Sgamavg uncertainty (2)stat.errorfloatRmagavg[12.3/19.3] Average magnitude in R band from Perkins telescope (Lowell Observatory) observationsmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_Rmagavg[0.05/1.4] Rmagavg uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatW14Display data from Williamson+, 2014, J/ApJ/789/135meta.ref.urlintnullableFig2Sequence of VLBA images at 43GHz of the blazar (figure 2)meta.ref.urlcharFig4Separation of jet features from the core and their light curves (figure 4)meta.ref.urlcharLCInteractive Plotmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/846/98/table2Modeling of jets by Gaussian components - updated versionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifier (HHMM+ddd; B1950)meta.id;meta.maincharEpochEpoch of observation startyrtime.epochdoubleMJDModified Julian Date of observation startdtime.epochintS43[0.001/21.8] Flux density at 43GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S43[0.008/1.1] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in S43Jystat.errorfloatR[0/9] Distance to the coremaspos.angDistancefloate_R[0.003/2.6]? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in Rmasstat.errorfloatnullablethetaRelative position angle with respect to the coredegpos.posAngfloate_theta[0/39]? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in thetadegstat.error;pos.posAngfloatnullablea[0/2.6] Angular size (1)masphys.angSizefloate_a[0.003/0.2] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in amasstat.errorfloatTbObserved brightness temperature (2)Kphys.temperaturedoublel_Tb[L] Lower limit flag on Tb (3)meta.code.errorcharJ/ApJ/846/98/table5Velocity and acceleration in jetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifier (HHMM+ddd; B1950)meta.id.parentcharprimaryKnotKnot designationmeta.id;meta.maincharl[1/4] Order of polynomial to fit motionmeta.noteintf_l[b] Flag on l (1)meta.codecharmuavg[0.002/4] Mean proper motion <{mu}>mas/yrpos.pmfloate_muavg[0.002/0.2] Uncertainty in muavgmas/yrstat.errorfloatPhiavg? Mean direction of motion <{Phi}>degpos.posAng;pos.pmfloatnullablee_Phiavg[0.1/70.1]? Uncertainty in Phiavgdegstat.errorfloatnullabledotmu-ll[-1/4]? Acceleration along jet direction (d{mu}/dt)_{parallel}_mas.yr**-2phys.accelerationfloatnullablee_dotmu-ll[0.001/0.2]? Uncertainty in dotmu-llmas.yr**-2stat.errorfloatnullabledotmu-pp[-1/0.8]? Acceleration perpendicular to jet direction ((d{mu}/dt)_{perp}_)mas.yr**-2phys.accelerationfloatnullablee_dotmu-pp[0.002/0.2]? Uncertainty in dotmu-ppmas.yr**-2stat.errorfloatnullablebetaavg[0.02/78] Mean apparent speed in units of the speed of light <{beta}_app_>phys.veloc;arith.difffloate_betaavg[0.01/9] Uncertainty in betastat.errorfloatTcirc[1983.9/2012.8]? Epoch of ejectiontime.epochfloatnullablef_Tcirc[b] Flag on Tcirc (2)meta.codechare_Tcirc[0.02/3.5]? Uncertainty in Tcircstat.errorfloatnullable