J/ApJ/845/87ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/845/87doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18450087CDSLi Z.-Y.Ho L.C.Barth A.J.2018-09-18T14:23:36Z2018-05-14T14:56:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesvisible-astronomygalaxy-classification-systemstwo-color-diagramsSimulations have shown that bars are subject to a vertical buckling instability that transforms thin bars into boxy or peanut-shaped structures, but the physical conditions necessary for buckling to occur are not fully understood. We use the large sample of local disk galaxies in the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey to examine the incidence of bars and buckled bars across the Hubble sequence. Depending on the disk inclination angle (i), a buckled bar reveals itself as either a boxy/peanut-shaped bulge (at high i) or as a barlens structure (at low i). We visually identify bars, boxy/peanut-shaped bulges, and barlenses, and examine the dependence of bar and buckled bar fractions on host galaxy properties, including Hubble type, stellar mass, color, and gas mass fraction. We find that the barred and unbarred disks show similar distributions in these physical parameters. The bar fraction is higher (70%-80%) in late-type disks with low stellar mass (M*<10^10.5^M_{sun}_) and high gas mass ratio. In contrast, the buckled bar fraction increases to 80% toward massive and early-type disks (M*>10^10.5^M_{sun}_), and decreases with higher gas mass ratio. These results suggest that bars are more difficult to grow in massive disks that are dynamically hotter than low-mass disks. However, once a bar forms, it can easily buckle in the massive disks, where a deeper potential can sustain the vertical resonant orbits. We also find a probable buckling bar candidate (ESO506-G004) that could provide further clues to understand the timescale of the buckling process.2017ApJ...845...87Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/845/87CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/ApJ/424/599 : Abundances in barred spiral galaxies (Martin+ 1994)J/ApJS/143/73 : Morphology of spiral galaxies (Eskridge+, 2002)J/ApJ/659/1176 : Study of bars in 180 spiral galaxies (Marinova+, 2007)J/PASP/122/1397 : Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Gal. (Sheth+, 2010)J/ApJS/197/21 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS). I. (Ho+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/22 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (GGS). II. (Li+, 2011)J/ApJ/771/59 : S^4^G face-on galaxy surface brightness (Munoz-Mateos+, 2013)J/ApJ/821/114 : The CGS. IV. Elliptical galaxies colors (Huang+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/845/87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/845/87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/845/87https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/845/87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/845/87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/845/87GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/845/87/table1 (Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS) disk galaxy properties and bar classification)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/845/87/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/845/87/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/845/87/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true264.8811042-85.31041670.0055555555555555566/16441 16479 16531 16605 16701 16871 16886 16898 17032 17038 17235 17245 17281 17286 17509 17594 17598 17604 17688 17747 17753 17754 17761 17927 17980 18507 18689 18714 20526 20601 20720 20739 20745 20865 20879 20896 21026 21065 21155 21198 21207 21242 21256 21584 22610 22644 22654 22751 23077 24586 24598 24640 24643 24735 24748 24824 24839 24878 24912 24913 24949 24957 24960 25044 25046 25047 25051 25052 25077 25104 25127 25135 25172 25205 25230 25344 25346 25350 25369 25438 25439 25487 25490 25513 25518 25599 25696 25705 25715 25726 25742 25762 25779 25788 25790 25889 25946 25997 26113 26119 26128 26148 26157 26161 26175 26261 26758 27030 29795 30970 32793 33193 33228 33242 33268 33271 33526 33646 33654 33795 33802 33832 33835 33920 33935 33952 33954 33958 33986 34272 34273 34326 34328 34334 34343 34363 34377 34404 34471 34493 34495 34521 34531 34533 34534 34540 34542 34545 34638 34695 34888 34910 35193 35536 35581 35691 35746 35827 35925 35960 35966 35993 35995 36045 36049 36081 36107 36131 36134 36152 36172 36240 36242 36247 36258 36261 36266 36287 36288 36332 36377 36380 36450 36769 36785 36789 36796 36990 37116 37429 37436 37601 37637 37784 37959 38079 38125 38139 38141 38268 38313 38350 38356 38390 38623 38645 38655 38671 38675 38701 38703 38704 38718 38795 38817 38830 38841 38872 38956 39035 39127 39880 40156 40210 40254 40300 40304 40328 40337 40377 40379 40442 40454 40458 40472 40556 40722 40723 40775 40777 40952 40980 41054 41082 41176 41286 41380 41430 41441 41998 42016 42025 42027 42032 42113 42120 43219 43222 43245 43262 43277 43289 43299 43306 43311 43325 43326 43334 43339 43342 43349 43602 43621 43671 43694 43699 43712 43733 43787 43797 43824 43843 43865 43876 43877 43881 43920 43925 43955 43978 44011 44027 44203 44416 44422 44660 44718 44741 44817 44866 44896 44900 45109 45178 45307 45418 45497 45558 45732 45738 45746 45748 45802 45803 45809 45816 45905 45977 46001 46004 46036 46038 46044 46170 46327 46398 46399 46438 46442 46460 46477 46479 46481 46491 46495 46519 46525 46549 46615 46660 46738 46811 46812 46987 47047 47120 47158 47178 47183 47253 47308 47385 47397 47456 47467 47686 48292 48502 48665https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/845/87?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/845/87/table1Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS) disk galaxy properties and bar classificationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameIdentifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMorphMorphological typesrc.morph.typecharinc[0/70] Inclination measured in I banddegsrc.orbital.inclination;em.opt.IfloatlogM*[8/12]? Log stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullableV-I[0/10] The (V-I) color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.IfloatRatio[0/1.1]? The H I mass to stellar mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullableBarBar type (2)meta.notecharPapI+IIDisplay data from Paper I (Ho+, 2011, J/ApJS/197/21) and Paper II (Li+, 2011, J/ApJS/197/22)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main