J/ApJ/845/85ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/845/85doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18450085CDSLiu Y.-Q.Modjaz M.Bianco F.B.2018-09-18T14:07:27Z2018-05-14T13:03:36ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeredshiftedspectroscopySuper-luminous supernovae (SLSNe) are tremendously luminous explosions whose power sources and progenitors are highly debated. Broad-lined SNe Ic (SNe Ic-bl) are the only type of SNe that are connected with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Studying the spectral similarity and difference between the populations of hydrogen-poor SLSNe (SLSNe Ic) and of hydrogen-poor stripped-envelope core-collapse SNe, in particular SNe Ic and SNe Ic-bl, can provide crucial observations to test predictions of theories based on various power source models and progenitor models. In this paper, we collected all of the published optical spectra of 32 SLSNe Ic, 21 SNe Ic-bl, as well as 17 SNe Ic, quantified their spectral features, constructed average spectra, and compared them in a systematic way using new tools we have developed. We find that SLSNe Ic and SNe Ic-bl, including those connected with GRBs, have comparable widths for their spectral features and average absorption velocities at all phases. Thus, our findings strengthen the connection between SLSNe Ic and GRBs. In particular, SLSNe Ic have average FeII{lambda}5169 absorption velocities of -15000+/-2600km/s at 10 days after peak, which are higher than those of SNe Ic by ~7000km/s on average. SLSNe Ic also have significantly broader FeII{lambda}5169 lines than SNe Ic. Moreover, we find that such high absorption and width velocities of SLSNe Ic may be hard to explain with the interaction model, and none of the 13 SLSNe Ic with measured absorption velocities spanning over 10 days has a convincing flat velocity evolution, which is inconsistent with the magnetar model in one dimension. Lastly, we compare SN 2011kl, the first SN connected with an ultra-long GRB, with the mean spectrum of SLSNe Ic and of SNe Ic-bl.2017ApJ...845...85Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/845/85CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)J/ApJ/690/1358 : Spectra of unusual optical transient SCP 06F6 (Barbary+, 2009)J/ApJ/702/226 : Swift/UVOT panchromatic obs. of SN 2008D (Modjaz+, 2009)J/ApJ/741/97 : Light curves of Ibc supernovae (Drout+, 2011)J/ApJ/759/107 : Core-collapse SNe and host galaxies (Kelly+, 2012)J/MNRAS/437/656 : SN PS1-11ap light curves (McCrum+, 2014)J/ApJ/785/37 : Type Ic SN 2010mb optical photometry (Ben-Ami+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/154 : Palomar Transient Factory SNe IIn photometry (Ofek+, 2014)J/ApJS/213/19 : Optical and near-IR light curves of 64 SNe (Bianco+, 2014)J/ApJ/793/38 : Palomar Transient Factory photometric obs. (Arcavi+, 2014)J/ApJ/797/24 : Imaging observations of iPTF 13ajg (Vreeswijk+, 2014)J/A+A/574/A60 : Light curve templates of SNe Ib/c from SDSS (Taddia+, 2015)J/ApJ/819/35 : Light curves of four transients from PTF+SNLS (Arcavi+, 2016)J/MNRAS/458/84 : Host galaxies of Superluminous Supernovae (Angus+, 2016)J/ApJ/827/90 : Spectroscopy of SNe Ib, IIb and Ic (Liu+, 2016)J/ApJ/828/3 : Swift obs. of the superluminous SNI ASASSN-15lh (Brown+, 2016)J/ApJ/830/13 : Host-galaxy NUV-NIR data of superluminous SNe (Perley+, 2016)J/ApJ/832/108 : Spectral properties of Type Ic + Ic-bl SNe (Modjaz+, 2016)J/ApJ/836/25 : Swift UVOT light curves of ASASSN-15lh (Margutti+, 2017)http://www.weizmann.ac.il/astrophysics/wiserep : WISeREP home pagehttp://zenodo.org/record/826368#.WsOW3eaYM-g : Added data productshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/845/85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/845/85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/845/85https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/845/85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/845/85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/845/85GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/845/85/table1 (Spectral super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe) Ic)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/845/85/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/845/85/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/845/85/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true330.564375-61.65961110.0055555555555555566/2153 4544 6069 7835 8771 9107 9147 9231 9438 10122 10306 10379 10705 17692 17735 19033 19038 19056 25516 25824 26515 26634 26760 26983 27258 31518 35393 35935 36489 45537 46178 48478https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/845/85?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/845/85/table1Spectral super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe) IcSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNvNumber of absorption velocity measurements (table 2) for this SNmeta.numberintnullableNameSupernova Namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_NameFlag on Name (1)meta.codecharONameOther names, comma separatedmeta.idcharzsp[0.09/1.6] Spectroscopic Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatPhasesPhase(s) of spectra, comma separated (2)dtime.phasecharFiltLight curve (LC) filters (3)meta.code;instr.filtercharRefReferences (4)meta.refcharVCInteractive plot of velocitiesmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/845/85/table2Measured absorption velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSN Namemeta.id;meta.maincharPhase[-28/68] Phase, with respect to maximum light (1)dtime.phaseintvabs[-22300/-3970] FeII{lambda}5169 absorption velocity (2)km/sspect.dopplerVelocintE_vabs[268/5930] Positive uncertainty on vabskm/sstat.error;stat.maxinte_vabs[148/6070] Negative uncertainty on vabskm/sstat.errorint