J/ApJ/839/42ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/839/42doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18390042CDSRedfield S.Farihi J.Cauley P.W.Parsons S.G.Gansicke B.T.,Duvvuri G. M2018-03-12T08:39:46Z2017-12-11T13:35:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frwhite-dwarf-starsspectroscopyradial-velocityline-intensitiesWith the recent discovery of transiting planetary material around WD1145+017, a critical target has been identified that links the evolution of planetary systems with debris disks and their accretion onto the star. We present a series of observations, five epochs over a year, taken with Keck and the VLT, which for the first time show variability of circumstellar absorption in the gas disk surrounding WD1145+017 on timescales of minutes to months. Circumstellar absorption is measured in more than 250 lines of 14 ions among 10 different elements associated with planetary composition, e.g., O, Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni. Broad circumstellar gas absorption with a velocity spread of 225km/s is detected, but over the course of a year blueshifted absorption disappears, while redshifted absorption systematically increases. A correlation of equivalent width and oscillator strength indicates that the gas is not highly optically thick (median {tau}~2). We discuss simple models of an eccentric disk coupled with magnetospheric accretion to explain the basic observed characteristics of these high-resolution and high signal- to-noise observations. Variability is detected on timescales of minutes in the two most recent observations, showing a loss of redshifted absorption for tens of minutes, coincident with major transit events and consistent with gas hidden behind opaque transiting material. This system currently presents a unique opportunity to learn how the gas causing the spectroscopic, circumstellar absorption is associated with the ongoing accretion evidenced by photospheric contamination, as well as the transiting planetary material detected in photometric observations.2017ApJ...839...42Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/839/42CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/vsx : AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-2014)J/MNRAS/449/574 : Circumstellar discs at white dwarfs (Rocchetto+, 2015)J/MNRAS/452/765 : White dwarf cand. using LAMOST DR3 (Gentile Fusillo+, 2015)J/ApJ/818/L7 : High-speed photom. of WD 1145+017 syst. (Gansicke+, 2016)J/ApJS/222/14 : Planetary cand. from 1st yr K2 mission (Vanderburg+, 2016)J/ApJS/226/7 : Planet cand. from K2's 1st yr (Crossfield+, 2016)J/A+A/603/A30 : Evidence for 2 distinct giant planet pop. (Santos+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/839/42https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/839/42http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/839/42https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/839/42https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/839/42http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/839/42GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/839/42/table1Detected circumstellar absorption features and fit parametersl_EWV1Limit flag on EWV1meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIonIon with detected circumstellar absorptionphys.atmol.ionStagecharlambda[3056.8/8662.2] Rest wavelength of ion (RWave)0.1nmem.wldoubleElow[0/10.5] Energy of lower leveleVphys.energy;phys.atmol.levelfloatEup[0.4/10.8] Energy of upper leveleVphys.energy;phys.atmol.levelfloatloggf[-4/0.6] log gf of transitionphys.absorption.coeff;phys.atmol.transitionfloatDepthK1[0.01/0.3]? Normalized depth of circumstellar feature, 2015 Apr Keck data (DepthKeckApr15)phot.flux.density;arith.ratiofloatnullableE_DepthK1[0.002/0.04]? Plus Error on DepthK1 (E_DepthKeckApr15)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_DepthK1? Minus Error on DepthK1 (e_DepthKeckApr15_2)stat.errorfloatnullableVminK1[-395/133]? Minimum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2015 Apr Keck data (VminKApr15)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VminK1? Plus Error on VminK1 (E_VminKApr15)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VminK1[1.4/145]? Minus Error on VminK1 (e_VminKApr15_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullableVmaxK1[-109/521]? Maximum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2015 Apr Keck data (VmaxKeckApr15)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VmaxK1[1/140]? Plus Error on VmaxK1 (E_VmaxKeckApr15)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VmaxK1? Minus Error on VmaxK1 (e_VmaxKeckApr15_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_EWK1Limit flag on EWK1 (l_EWKeckApr15)meta.code.errorcharEWK1[0.01/3]? Equivalent width of circumstellar feature, 2015 Apr Keck data (EWKeckApr15)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableE_EWK1? Plus Error on EWK1 (E_EWKeckApr15)0.1nmstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_EWK1[0.004/0.3]? Minus Error on EWK1 (e_EWKeckApr15_2)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablee_EWV3? Minus Error on EWV3 (e_EWVLTApr16_2)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableDepthK2[0.02/3.1]? Normalized depth of circumstellar feature, 2015 Nov Keck data (DepthKeckNov15)phot.flux.density;arith.ratiofloatnullableE_DepthK2[0.005/0.8]? Plus Error on DepthK2stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_DepthK2? Minus Error on DepthK2stat.errorfloatnullableVminK2[-433/153]? Minimum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2015 Nov Keck data (VminKeckNov15)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VminK2? Plus Error on VminK2 (E_VminKeckNov15)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VminK2[1/146]? Minus Error on VminK2 (e_VminKeckNov15_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullableVmaxK2[-93/528]? Maximum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2015 Nov Keck data (VmaxKeckNov15)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VmaxK2? Plus Error on VmaxK2 (E_VmaxKeckNov15)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VmaxK2[0/128]? Minus Error on VmaxK2 (e_VmaxKeckNov15_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_EWK2Limit flag on EWK2 (l_EWKeckNov15)meta.code.errorcharEWK2[0.01/2]? Equivalent width of circumstellar feature, 2015 Nov Keck data (EWKeckNov15)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableE_EWK2? Plus Error on EWK2 (E_EWKeckNov15)0.1nmstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_EWK2[0.007/0.2]? Minus Error on on EWK2 (e_EWKeckNov15_2)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableDepthV1[0.01/0.7]? Normalized depth of circumstellar feature, 2016 Feb VLT data (DepthVLTFeb16)phot.flux.density;arith.ratiofloatnullableE_DepthV1[0.002/0.7]? Plus Error on DepthV1 (E_DepthVLTFeb16)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_DepthV1? Minus Error on DepthV1 (e_DepthVLTFeb16_2)stat.errorfloatnullableVminV1[-963/620]? Minimum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2016 Feb VLT data (VminVLTFeb16)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VminV1? Plus Error on VminV1 (E_VminVLTFeb16)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VminV1[0.9/523]? Minus Error on VminV1 (e_VminVLTFeb16_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullableVmaxV1[-299/885]? Maximum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2016 Feb VLT data (VmaxVLTFeb16)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VmaxV1[0.5/174]? Plus Error on VmaxV1 (E_VmaxVLTFeb16)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VmaxV1? Minus Error on VmaxV1 (e_VmaxVLTFeb16_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullableEWV1[0.02/2.3] Equivalent width of circumstellar feature, 2016 Feb VLT data (EWVLTFeb16)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatE_EWV1[0.007/0.4]? Plus Error on EWV1 (E_EWVLTFeb16)0.1nmstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_EWV1? Minus Error on EWV1 (e_EWVLTFeb16_2)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableDepthV2[0.009/3]? Normalized depth of circumstellar feature, 2016 Mar VLT data (DepthVLTMar16)phot.flux.density;arith.ratiofloatnullableE_DepthV2[0.002/1.4]? Plus Error on DepthV2 (E_DepthVLTMar16)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_DepthV2? Minus Error on DepthV2 (e_DepthVLTMar16_2)stat.errorfloatnullableVminV2[-988/269]? Minimum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2016 Mar VLT data (VminVLTMar16)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VminV2? Plus Error on VminV2 (E_VminVLTMar16)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VminV2[1/237]? Minus Error on VminV2 (e_VminVLTMar16_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullableVmaxV2[-185/593]? Maximum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2016 Mar VLT data (VmaxVLTMar16)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VmaxV2[0.4/113]? Plus Error on VmaxV2 (E_VmaxVLTMar16)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VmaxV2? Minus Error on VmaxV2 (e_VmaxVLTMar16_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_EWV2Limit flag on EWV2meta.code.errorcharEWV2[0.01/3.4] Equivalent width of circumstellar feature, 2016 Mar VLT data (EWVLTMar16)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatE_EWV2[0.006/0.4]? Plus Error on EWV2 (E_EWVLTMar16)0.1nmstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_EWV2? Minus Error on EWV2 (e_EWVLTMar16_2)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableDepthV3[0.01/0.5]? Normalized depth of circumstellar feature, 2016 Apr VLT data (DepthVLTApr16)phot.flux.density;arith.ratiofloatnullableE_DepthV3[0.001/0.2]? Plus Error on DepthV3stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_DepthV3? Minus Error on DepthV3stat.errorfloatnullableVminV3[-974/240]? Minimum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2016 Apr VLT data (VminVLTApr16)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VminV3? Plus Error on VminV3 (E_VminVLTApr16)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VminV3[0.2/127]? Minus Error on VminV3 (e_VminVLTApr16_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullableVmaxV3[-73/580]? Maximum radial velocity of circumstellar feature, 2016 Apr VLT data (VmaxVLTApr16)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableE_VmaxV3[0.2/85]? Plus Error on VmaxV3 (E_VmaxVLTApr16)km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_VmaxV3? Minus Error on VmaxV3 (e_VmaxVLTApr16_2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_EWV3Limit flag on EWV3 (l_EWVLTApr16)meta.code.errorcharEWV3[0.02/3.3] Equivalent width of circumstellar feature, 2016 Apr VLT data (EWVLTApr16)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatE_EWV3[0.004/0.2]? Plus Error on EWV3 (E_EWVLTApr16)0.1nmstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableCommComments regarding the fit: i=isolated, b=blendedmeta.note;stat.fit.param;meta.modelledchar