J/ApJ/838/150ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/838/150doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18380150CDSKraus A.L.Herczeg G.J.Rizzuto A.C.Mann A.W.Slesnick C.L.,Carpenter J.M.Hillenbrand L.A.Mamajek E.E.2019-05-02T10:05:59Z2017-12-08T10:54:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-spectral-typesline-intensitiesradial-velocitymolecular-cloudsextinctionThe census of Taurus-Auriga has been assembled over seven decades and inherited the biases and incompleteness of the input studies. The unusual shape of its inferred initial mass function (IMF) and the existence of isolated disk-bearing stars suggest that additional (likely disk-free) members remain to be discovered. We therefore have begun a global reassessment of the census of Taurus-Auriga that exploits new data and better definitions of youth and kinematic membership. As a first step, we reconsider the membership of all disk-free candidate members from the literature with spectral type >=F0, 3h50min<{alpha}5h40min, and 14{deg}<{delta}<34{deg}. We combine data from the literature with Keck/HIRES and UH88/SNIFS spectra to test the membership of these candidates using the positions in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram, proper motions, radial velocities, H{alpha}, lithium, and surface gravity. We find 218 confirmed or likely Taurus members, 160 confirmed or likely interlopers, and only 18 that lack sufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions. A significant fraction of these stars (81/218=37%) are not included in the most recent canonical member lists. There are few additional members to the immediate vicinity of the molecular clouds, preserving the IMFs that have been deemed anomalous in past work. Many of the likely Taurus members are instead distributed broadly across the search area. When combined with the known disk hosts, our updated census reveals two regimes: a high-density population with a high disk fraction (indicative of youth) that broadly traces the molecular clouds, and a low-density population with low disk fraction (hence likely older) that most likely represents previous generations of star formation.2017ApJ...838..150Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/838/150CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/282 : The CMT CCD Drift Scan Survey (Evans+, 2002)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)V/117 : Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood (Holmberg+, 2007)V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)I/329 : URAT1 Catalog (Zacharias+ 2015)J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)J/A+A/297/391 : T Tauri stars ROSAT survey (Neuhaeuser+, 1995)J/A+A/312/439 : New T Tauri stars in Taurus-Auriga (Wichmann+, 1996)J/A+AS/132/173 : New weak-line T Tauri stars in Taurus-Auriga (Li+ 1998)J/AJ/129/2294 : RVs of weak-lines T Tauri stars (Massarotti+, 2005)J/A+A/446/485 : New very low-mass members in Taurus (Guieu+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/676 : Spatial distribution of brown dwarfs in Taurus (Luhman+, 2006)J/ApJ/647/1180 : Infrared photometry of Taurus SFR (Luhman+, 2006)J/AJ/132/2665 : QUEST2 BRI photometry of Taurus-Auriga PMS (Slesnick+, 2006)J/A+A/468/353 : XMM-Newton Extended Survey of Taurus (Guedel+, 2007)J/AJ/133/2524 : Spectra of young nearby stars (White+, 2007)J/ApJ/696/L84 : Primordial circumstellar disks in binary syst. (Cieza+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/704/531 : The coevality of young binary systems (Kraus+, 2009)J/ApJ/699/649 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. I. (Shkolnik+, 2009)J/ApJ/709/L114 : Protoplanetary disks in PMS binaries (Duchene, 2010)J/AJ/139/1338 : UV-selected stars in Tau and Upper Sco (Findeisen+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/ApJ/723/1542 : Optical high-resolution spectroscopy of WTTSs (Xing, 2010)J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)J/ApJS/196/4 : New young star candidates in Taurus-Auriga (Rebull+, 2011)J/ApJ/757/141 : Companion IR det. limits in young associations (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/119 : Close companions to young stars. I. ChaI & Tau (Nguyen+, 2012)J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)J/ApJ/771/110 : Early-type stars in Taurus-Auriga (Mooley+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/MNRAS/444/1157 : Members of ONC and Tau-Aur (Davies+, 2014)J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/40 : Late-type targets in Taurus, ChaI & Upper Sco (Todorov+, 2014)J/ApJ/799/155 : Sub-stellar companions in Taurus (Daemgen+, 2015)J/ApJS/216/26 : T Tauri in Taurus-Auriga with GALEX (Gomez de Castro+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/838/150https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/838/150http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/838/150https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/838/150https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/838/150http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/838/150GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/838/150/cand (Candidate class III members of Taurus-Auriga with membership diagnostics (tables 1 and 8))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/cand?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/cand?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/cand?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true57.514291722.59166670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/838/150/table2 (Literature H{alpha} measurements for candidate class III Taurus members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true57.618333316.52086110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/838/150/table3 (Literature lithium measurements for candidate class III Taurus members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true57.618333316.52086110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/838/150/table4 (Literature radial velocity measurements for candidate class III Taurus members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true57.514291722.59166670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/838/150/table5 (Keck/HIRES observations of candidate Taurus members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true61.852333323.54869440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/838/150/table6 (UH88/SNIFS observations of candidate Taurus members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true60.129416719.58908330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/838/150/table7 (Na8189 indices for candidate class III Taurus members of Herczeg & Hillenbrand (2014, J/ApJ/786/97))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/838/150/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true60.961833326.18141670.0055555555555555565/81 261 262 263 265 268 269 271 5887 6047 6/308 331 332 333 336 337 338 340 342 347 349 350 358 365 368 372 374 377 379 380 381 383 455 469 472 473 478 1025 1027 1029 1030 1031 1033 1036 1037 1039 1040 1041 1042 1057 1059 1065 1066 1067 1069 1070 1071 1080 1082 1083 1090 1096 1098 1099 1103 1114 1115 1120 1130 1132 1134 1137 1138 1140 1146 1148 1152 1154 1155 1159 1164 1165 1168 1169 1170 1172 1174 1176 1180 1181 1182 1199 1205 1207 1212 1232 1282 23507 23510 23514 23517 23518 23526 23532 23533 23535 23537 23542 23543 24103 24105 24107 24110 24114 24121 24122 24127 24138 24160 24167 24169 24175 24178 24179 24192 24193 24195 24196 24197 24201 24204 24205 24207 24212 24219 24221 24222 24224 24229 24230 24231 24232 24234 24237 24238 24239 24242 24243 24245 24246 24249 24250 24251 24253 24262 24268 24269 24272 24273 24276 24280 24281 24286 24290 24294 24318 24481 244848.650015785639275e-20 9.710690472292815e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/838/150?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/838/150/candCandidate class III members of Taurus-Auriga with membership diagnostics (tables 1 and 8)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharAv[-5/10]? Extinction at V magmagphys.absorption;em.opt.VfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSpDisplay the spectroscopic observations for this star (tables 5 and/or 6)meta.ref.urlintnullable2MASS2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryDLink to literature data (tables 2, 3, 4 and/or 7)meta.ref.urlcharNameOther Namemeta.idcharSpTMK Spectral Typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTReference for SpT (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameintr_Av? Reference for Av (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablerpmag[4.6/22.5]? r' mag (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullabler_rpmagReference(s) for rpmag (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharKsmag[4/15.5] 2MASS Ks magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatpmRA[-110/252]? Proper motion, in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-627/47]? Proper motion, in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pm[0.5/6]? 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Binary Reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableRCatDisplay data from Wichmann+ 1996, J/A+A/312/439; Herczeg+ 2014, J/ApJ/786/97; Rebull+ 2010, J/ApJS/186/259; Slesnick+ 2006, J/AJ/132/2665 and Nguyen+ 2012, J/ApJ/745/119 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableLiMembership test, lithiummeta.code.membercharGMembership test, low surface gravitymeta.code.membercharHRDMembership test, location in HR diagrammeta.code.membercharHaMembership test, H{alpha}meta.code.membercharPMMembership test, proper motionmeta.code.membercharRVMembership test, radial velocitymeta.code.membercharMmMembership test, final (3)meta.code.member;phys.atmol.finalchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/838/150/table2Literature H{alpha} measurements for candidate class III Taurus membersNameOther Namemeta.idcharSpTMK Spectral Typesrc.spTypecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharEWHa[-69/5] Literature Equivalent width, H{alpha}, in Angstrom units0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatr_EWHaReference for EWHa (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameint_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/838/150/table3Literature lithium measurements for candidate class III Taurus membersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharNameOther Namemeta.idcharSpTMK Spectral Typesrc.spTypecharl_EWLiLimit flag on EWLimeta.code.errorcharEWLi[0/820] Literature Equivalent width, Lithium 6708{AA}, in milli-Angstrom units0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthintr_EWLiReference for EWLi (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameint_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/838/150/table4Literature radial velocity measurements for candidate class III Taurus membersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharNameOther Namemeta.idcharSpTMK Spectral Typesrc.spTypecharRVel[-17/50] Literature Radial Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatr_RVelReference for RVel (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameint_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/838/150/table5Keck/HIRES observations of candidate Taurus membersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. 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Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharSpTMK Spectral Typesrc.spTypecharNa8189[0.83/0.97] Gravity sensitive sodium index, Slesnick+ (2006, J/AJ/131/3016)spect.indexfloatHH14Display data from Herczeg & Hillenbrand (2014, J/ApJ/786/97) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/838/150/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.noteintBibCodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharAuthFirst author's namemeta.bib.authorcharCommCommentmeta.notechar