J/ApJ/837/30ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/837/30doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18370030CDSGillessen S.Plewa P.M.Eisenhauer F.Sari R.Waisberg I.Habibi M.,Pfuhl O.George E.Dexter J.von Fellenberg S.Ott T.Genzel R.2019-08-22T08:50:35Z2017-11-10T08:09:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyradial-velocityinfrared-photometryUsing 25 years of data from uninterrupted monitoring of stellar orbits in the Galactic Center (GC), we present an update of the main results from this unique data set: a measurement of mass and distance to SgrA*. Our progress is not only due to the eight-year increase in time base, but also to the improved definition of the coordinate system. The star S2 continues to yield the best constraints on the mass of and distance to Sgr A*; the statistical errors of 0.13x10^6^M_{sun}_ and 0.12kpc have halved compared to the previous study. The S2 orbit fit is robust and does not need any prior information. Using coordinate system priors, the star S1 also yields tight constraints on mass and distance. For a combined orbit fit, we use 17 stars, which yields our current best estimates for mass and distance: M=4.28+/-0.10|_stat._+/-0.21|_sys_x10^6^M_{sun}_ and R_0_=8.32+/-0.07|_stat._+/-0.14|_sys_kpc. These numbers are in agreement with the recent determination of R_0_ from the statistical cluster parallax. The positions of the mass, of the near-infrared flares from Sgr A*, and of the radio source Sgr A* agree to within 1mas. In total, we have determined orbits for 40 stars so far, a sample which consists of 32 stars with randomly oriented orbits and a thermal eccentricity distribution, plus eight stars that we can explicitly show are members of the clockwise disk of young stars, and which have lower-eccentricity orbits.2017ApJ...837...30Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/837/30CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/697/1741 : Warped disks of YSOs in Galactic center (Bartko+, 2009)J/ApJ/707/L114 : The orbit of S2 star around Sgr A* (Gillessen+, 2009)J/ApJ/737/73 : Infrared extinction toward the Galactic Centre (Fritz+, 2011)J/ApJ/783/131 : Kinematic of stars in Galactic center (Yelda+, 2014)J/A+A/570/A2 : Spectra & RVs of nuclear stars (Feldmeier+, 2014)J/ApJ/821/44 : Star motions in the nuclear cluster of the MW (Fritz+, 2016)J/ApJ/830/17 : GC secondary IR astrometric standards (Boehle+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/837/30https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/837/30http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/837/30https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/837/30https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/837/30http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/837/30GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/837/30/table3 (Orbital parameters of the 40 stars for which we were able to determine orbits)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/837/30/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/837/30/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/837/30/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.41684083-29.007867780.0055555555555555566/28830https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/837/30?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/837/30/table3Orbital parameters of the 40 stars for which we were able to determine orbitsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idchare[0.1/1.1] Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar Namemeta.id;meta.maincharf_Star[a] Flag on Object S111 (1)meta.codechara[-12.3/4.6] Semi-major axis of the orbit, from Sag A*arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisdoublee_a[0.0002/8.4] Uncertainty in aarcsecstat.errorfloate_e[0.0003/0.3] Uncertainty in estat.errorfloati[24.7/171.1] Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloate_i[0.06/8.3] Uncertainty in idegstat.errorfloatOmega[7.9/345] Position angle of the ascending nodedegsrc.orbital.nodefloate_Omega[0.07/19] Uncertainty in {Omega}degstat.errorfloatw[17.9/357] Longitude of the pericenterdegsrc.orbital.periastronfloate_w[0.07/24] Uncertainty in wdegstat.errorfloatTp[611/2132] Epoch of pericenter passage, fractional year (G1)yrtime.epochfloate_Tp[0.01/154] Uncertainty in Tpyrstat.errorfloatPer[12.8/3580]? Orbital period (G1)yrtime.periodfloatnullablee_Per[0.02/2550]? Uncertainty in Peryrstat.errorfloatnullableSpT[el] Spectral type: e=early-type stars, l=late-type starsmeta.codecharKmag[10/18] K-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatr[0.9/3.4] Global rescaling factorarith.factorfloatOrbDisplay the orbital data used in this work from table5meta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJ/837/30/table5*Orbital data used in this worke_oDE-S17? Uncertainty in oDE-S17masstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateObservation date, fractional year (G1)yrtime.epoch;obsdoubleFlag[a rv] Observation flag (a=astrometric data; rv=radial velocity data)meta.code.errorcharoRA-S1? Offset in Right Ascension, S1 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S1? Uncertainty in oRA-S1masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S1? Offset in Declination, S1 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S1? Uncertainty in oDE-S1masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S1[-1192/-917]? Radial Velocity for S1km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S1[35/175]? Uncertainty in RVel-S1km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S2? Offset in Right Ascension, S2 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S2? Uncertainty in oRA-S2masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S2? Offset in Declination, S2 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S2? Uncertainty in oDE-S2masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S2[-1571/1199]? Radial Velocity for S2km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S2[17/113]? Uncertainty in RVel-S2km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S4? Offset in Right Ascension, S4 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S4? Uncertainty in oRA-S4masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S4? Offset in Declination, S4 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S4? Uncertainty in oDE-S4masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S4[-1015/-525]? Radial Velocity for S4km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S4[25/125]? Uncertainty in RVel-S4km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S8? Offset in Right Ascension, S8 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S8? Uncertainty in oRA-S8masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S8? Offset in Declination, S8 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S8? Uncertainty in oDE-S8masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S8[-306/26]? Radial Velocity for S8km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S8[30/118]? Uncertainty in RVel-S8km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S9? Offset in Right Ascension, S9 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S9? Uncertainty in oRA-S9masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S9? Offset in Declination, S9 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S9? Uncertainty in oDE-S9masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S9[390/805]? Radial Velocity for S9km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S9[41/165]? Uncertainty in RVel-S9km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S12? Offset in RA, S12 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S12? Uncertainty in oRA-S12masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S12? Offset in Declination, S12 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S12? Uncertainty in oDE-S12masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S12[-90/349]? Radial Velocity for S12km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S12[71/272]? Uncertainty in RVel-S12km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S13? Offset in RA, S13 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S13? Uncertainty in oRA-S13masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S13? Offset in Declination, S13 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S13? Uncertainty in oDE-S13masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S13[-409/602]? Radial Velocity for S13km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S13[130/375]? Uncertainty in RVel-S13km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S14? Offset in RA, S14 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S14? Uncertainty in oRA-S14masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S14? Offset in Declination, S14 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S14? Uncertainty in oDE-S14masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S14[131/765]? Radial Velocity for S14km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S14[108/259]? Uncertainty in RVel-S14km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S17? Offset in RA, S17 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S17? Uncertainty in oRA-S17masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S17? Offset in Declination, S17 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullableRV-S17[-165/864]? Radial Velocity for S17km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S17[68/242]? Uncertainty in RVel-S17km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S18? Offset in RA, S18 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S18? Uncertainty in oRA-S18masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S18? Offset in Declination, S18 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S18? Uncertainty in oDE-S18masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S18[-605/-190]? Radial Velocity for S18km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S18[114/342]? Uncertainty in RVel-S18km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S19? Offset in RA, S19 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S19? Uncertainty in oRA-S19masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S19? Offset in Declination, S19 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S19? Uncertainty in oDE-S19masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S19[-2326/-724]? Radial Velocity for S19km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S19[128/385]? Uncertainty in RVel-S19km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S21? Offset in RA, S21 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S21? Uncertainty in oRA-S21masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S21? Offset in Declination, S21 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S21? Uncertainty in oDE-S21masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S21[373/523]? Radial Velocity for S21km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S21[48/112]? Uncertainty in RVel-S21km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S24? Offset in RA, S24 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S24? Uncertainty in oRA-S24masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S24? Offset in Declination, S24 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S24? Uncertainty in oDE-S24masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S24[-987/-771]? Radial Velocity for S24km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S24[39/154]? Uncertainty in RVel-S24km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S31? Offset in RA, S31 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S31? Uncertainty in oRA-S31masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S31? Offset in Declination, S31 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S31? Uncertainty in oDE-S31masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S31[-480/1020]? Radial Velocity for S31km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S31[79/473]? Uncertainty in RVel-S31km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S38? Offset in RA, S38 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S38? Uncertainty in oRA-S38masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S38? Offset in Declination, S38 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S38? Uncertainty in oDE-S38masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S38[-189/-2]? Radial Velocity for S38km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S38[173/248]? Uncertainty in RVel-S38km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S54? Offset in RA, S54 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S54? Uncertainty in oRA-S54masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S54? Offset in Declination, S54 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S54? Uncertainty in oDE-S54masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S54[-1790/-1046]? Radial Velocity for S54km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S54[182/467]? Uncertainty in RVel-S54km/sstat.errorintnullableoRA-S55? Offset in RA, S55 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullablee_oRA-S55? Uncertainty in oRA-S55masstat.errorfloatnullableoDE-S55? Offset in Declination, S55 relative to SgrA*maspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablee_oDE-S55? Uncertainty in oDE-S55masstat.errorfloatnullableRV-S55[-732/-400]? Radial Velocity for S55km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_RV-S55[145/210]? Uncertainty in RVel-S55km/sstat.errorintnullableInstObservation Source (VLT (201 occurrences), NTT (11 occurrences), Keck (3 occurrences) or GEMINI)meta.id;instr.telchar