J/ApJ/836/34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/836/34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18360034CDSMeng H.Y.A.Rieke G.H.Su K.Y.L.Gaspar A.2021-08-10T11:48:40Z2017-10-13T12:56:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryopen-star-clustersstellar-associationsextinctionastronomical-object-identificationWe characterize the first 40 Myr of evolution of circumstellar disks through a unified study of the infrared properties of members of young clusters and associations with ages from 2Myr up to ~40Myr: NGC1333, NGC1960, NGC2232, NGC2244, NGC2362, NGC2547, IC348, IC2395, IC4665, ChamaeleonI, OrionOB1a and OB1b, Taurus, the {beta} Pictoris Moving Group, {rho} Ophiuchi, and the associations of Argus, Carina, Columba, Scorpius-Centaurus, and Tucana-Horologium. Our work features: (1) a filtering technique to flag noisy backgrounds; (2) a method based on the probability distribution of deflections, P(D), to obtain statistically valid photometry for faint sources; and (3) use of the evolutionary trend of transitional disks to constrain the overall behavior of bright disks. We find that the fraction of disks three or more times brighter than the stellar photospheres at 24{mu}m decays relatively slowly initially and then much more rapidly by ~10Myr. However, there is a continuing component until ~35Myr, probably due primarily to massive clouds of debris generated in giant impacts during the oligarchic/chaotic growth phases of terrestrial planets. If the contribution from primordial disks is excluded, the evolution of the incidence of these oligarchic/chaotic debris disks can be described empirically by a log-normal function with the peak at 12-20Myr, including ~13% of the original population, and with a post-peak mean duration of 10-20Myr.2017ApJ...836...34Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/836/34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/332 : c2d Spitzer final data release (DR4) (Evans+, 2003)J/A+A/357/471 : BV and proper motions in NGC 1960 & NGC 2194 (Sanner+, 2000)J/ApJ/575/354 : Young stellar objects in the NGC 1333 (Getman+, 2002)J/AJ/124/1670 : Post-T Tauri Stars in Sco-Cen Association (Mamajek+, 2002)J/A+A/409/541 : UBV photometry of IC 2395 (Claria+, 2003)J/AJ/129/907 : New Ori OB1 members (Briceno+, 2005)J/AJ/130/1805 : H{alpha} emission stars in NGC 2362 (Dahm+, 2005)J/A+A/446/949 : Open clusters proper motions based on UCAC2 (Dias+, 2006)J/AJ/131/1574 : Infrared photometry of IC348 members (Lada+, 2006)J/A+A/453/101 : UBV(RI)c photometry of 4 open clusters (Lyra+, 2006)J/AJ/132/1669 : Wide-field CCD phot. around 9 open clusters (Sharma+, 2006)J/A+A/460/695 : Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)J/ApJ/660/1532 : Spitzer/IRAC-MIPS survey of NGC 2244 (Balog+, 2007)J/ApJ/661/1119 : Spectroscopy in the 25 Ori group (Briceno+, 2007)J/AJ/134/1368 : Proper motions in NGC 2244 and NGC 6530 (Chen+, 2007)J/AJ/133/2072 : Spitzer observations of NGC 2362 (Dahm+, 2007)J/PASP/119/994 : MIPS 24um calibrators (Engelbracht+, 2007)J/ApJ/670/516 : NGC 2547 4.5-8um photometry (Gorlova+, 2007)J/ApJ/671/1784 : Ori OB1 IRAC/MIPS observations (Hernandez+, 2007)J/ApJS/173/104 : Stellar population in Chamaeleon I (Luhman, 2007)J/AJ/134/411 : Properties of IC 348 members (Muench+, 2007)J/ApJ/688/597 : Debris disks in NGC 2232 (Currie+, 2008)J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)J/MNRAS/383/1588 : VIc photometry of NGC 2547 low-mass stars (Irwin+, 2008)J/ApJS/179/451 : IR excesses of protoplanetary disks (Kenyon+, 2008)J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)J/A+A/479/141 : Iz photometry, RV and EW(Li) in IC 4665 (Manzi+, 2008)J/ApJ/675/464 : Chandra observations of NGC 2244 (Wang+, 2008)J/ApJ/705/1646 : Debris disks in Upper Sco (Carpenter+, 2009)J/ApJ/698/1 : Spitzer observations of NGC 2362 (Currie+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/AJ/140/119 : {beta}Pic and AB Dor moving groups members (Schlieder+, 2010)J/AJ/140/266 : NGC 1333 X-ray luminous YSOs properties (Winston+, 2010)J/ApJ/738/122 : ScoCen debris disks Around F- and G-type stars (Chen+, 2011)J/AJ/142/140 : Opt. spectroscopy of {rho} Oph stars. II. (Erickson+, 2011)J/ApJ/737/73 : Infrared extinction toward the Galactic Centre (Fritz+, 2011)J/ApJ/746/154 : Kinematic parallaxes for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)J/MNRAS/420/2884 : NGC 1960 IRAC and MIPS photometry (Smith+, 2012)J/MNRAS/434/806 : Pre-main-sequence isochrones. II. SFR (Bell+, 2013)J/ApJ/768/25 : Spitzer & Herschel obs. of debris disks (Gaspar+, 2013)J/MNRAS/434/2438 : NGC 1960 (RI)c photometric catalogue (Jeffries+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate members (Malo+, 2013)J/A+A/566/A132 : Teff and L for stars in 7 open clusters (Silaj+, 2014)J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)J/ApJ/832/87 : Members of the young open cluster IC 2395 (Balog+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/836/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/836/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/836/34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/836/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/836/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/836/34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/836/34/clusters (List of stellar clusters and associations; table added by CDS)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/clusters?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/clusters?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/clusters?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000trueCone search capability for table J/ApJ/836/34/table2 (Summary of 24 micron photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true52.0458988931.291463890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/836/34/table4 (Final membership list of NGC 2244)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/836/34/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true97.836968894.834406940.0055555555555555565/115 118 270 292 5514 9282 11079 11089 11090 6/46 129 336 361 365 377 382 448 451 457 458 459 467 480 483 484 485 486 488 493 496 497 498 507 674 722 765 859 862 940 1029 1030 1031 1037 1039 1040 1042 1043 1047 1048 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1061 1063 1068 1073 1074 1075 1078 1084 1114 1115 1123 1126 1154 1156 1157 1159 1176 1245 1412 1539 1787 3163 9507 13450 13688 14640 16606 16719 17274 17288 17887 19888 20125 20491 20507 20657 20658 21050 21083 21139 21386 22146 22249 22773 22856 22858 22859 22862 22881 22894 22895 22964 22980 22981 23176 23388 23517 23533 23543 23549 23551 23870 24300 24508 24510 27884 28746 28784 29320 29348 29357 31787 31788 31790 32844 32891 33312 33361 33500 33704 33707 33850 34054 34164 34203 34244 34269 34338 34406 34423 34464 34509 34683 34757 34781 34823 34825 34829 34830 34850 34886 34930 34998 35018 35077 35147 35149 35497 36036 36130 36487 36907 36956 36957 36969 37006 37075 37123 37149 37187 37197 37414 37419 37652 37864 37865 37867 37905 37953 37968 37972 37973 37974 38151 38489 39044 39181 39183 39192 39194 39584 39597 39735 39907 41158 41295 41361 41568 41618 41646 41652 41657 41661 41677 41681 41683 41704 41707 41710 41798 41897 41900 41906 41915 41937 41946 42021 42096 42174 42220 42233 42242 42252 42272 42419 42429 42444 42466 42548 42559 42563 42571 42585 42604 42613 42620 42650 42651 42653 42672 42677 42678 42685 42688 42694 42698 42707 42711 42715 42725 42727 42728 42736 42739 42746 42749 42757 42758 42782 42789 42799 42808 42851 42857 42858 42873 42876 42896 42900 42903 42908 42910 42911 42913 42916 42917 42923 42924 42932 42939 42940 42941 42943 42948 42949 42953 42955 42959 42960 42977 42978 42980 42981 42983 42985 42987 42990 42991 42992 43002 43017 43019 43021 43029 43037 43054 43055 43057 43059 43073 43086 43094 43133 43136 43147 43148 43149 43150 43161 43166 43168 43169 43182 43183 43189 43192 43194 43196 43197 43201 43202 43206 43208 43210 43224 43225 43232 43244 43246 43272 43274 43298 43337 43338 43352 43355 43358 43360 43366 43442 43492 43522 43527 43529 43530 43532 43541 43557 43564 44033 44052 44078 44093 44101 44106 44114 44132 44156 44162 44289 44293 44297 44303 44305 44306 44307 44308 44310 44311 44312 44313 44315 44321 44324 44333 44337 44341 44352 44353 44354 44365 44366 44367 44368 44371 44376 44378 44379 44384 44385 44388 44389 44393 44397 44400 44401 44403 44409 44421 44436 44502 45247 45351 45382 45453 45538 45544 45746 45927 45931 45944 45964 46084 46922 47120 47205 47287 47626 47777 47863 47941 47943 48038 48061 48263 48274 48651 489056.772611666688002e-21 1.000830682546041e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/836/34?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/836/34/clustersList of stellar clusters and associations; table added by CDSSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNameCluster or Association namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNirNumber of Spitzer/MIPS source in this clustermeta.numberintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJ/836/34/table2Summary of 24 micron photometryNameCluster or Association namemeta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/369] Running sequence number within Namemeta.id;meta.mainint2MASS2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id.crosscharRAJ2000Right Ascencion in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF24[-614/169259] Spitzer/MIPS 24um band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublee_F24[0/6236] Uncertainty in F24mJystat.errordoubleTreatTreatment (1)meta.codechareps[-87/18030]? Nominal excess-to-photospheric flux ratio ({epsilon})phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/836/34/table4Final membership list of NGC 2244SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/369]? Running index number within NGC 2244 (1)meta.id;meta.mainintnullable[WTF2008]Chandra identifier (2)meta.id.crosschar[BMR2007]Spitzer/IRAC identifier (3)meta.id.crosscharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainAKs[0/1.6]? Total 2MASSS Ks band extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatnullableCrossCrosslink (4)meta.id.crosscharCCatDisplay data within 2" from Dias+, 2006, J/A+A/446/949 and Chen+, 2007, J/AJ/134/1368meta.ref.urlintnullable