J/ApJ/835/3ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/835/3doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18350003CDSLindberg J.E.Charnley S.B.Jorgensen J.K.Cordiner M.A.Bjerkeli P.2017-09-18T08:20:30Z2017-08-28T12:53:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyinterstellar-mediummolecular-cloudsWe present APEX 218GHz observations of molecular emission in a complete sample of embedded protostars in the Ophiuchus star-forming region. To study the physical properties of the cores, we calculate H_2_CO and c-C_3_H_2_ rotational temperatures, both of which are good tracers of the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas. We find that the H_2_CO temperatures range between 16K and 124K, with the highest H_2_CO temperatures toward the hot corino source IRAS 16293-2422 (69-124K) and the sources in the {rho} Oph A cloud (23-49K) located close to the luminous Herbig Be star S1, which externally irradiates the {rho} Oph A cores. On the other hand, the c-C_3_H_2_ rotational temperature is consistently low (7-17K) in all sources. Our results indicate that the c-C_3_H_2_ emission is primarily tracing more shielded parts of the envelope whereas the H_2_CO emission (at the angular scale of the APEX beam; 3600 au in Ophiuchus) mainly traces the outer irradiated envelopes, apart from in IRAS 16293-2422, where the hot corino emission dominates. In some sources, a secondary velocity component is also seen, possibly tracing the molecular outflow.2017ApJ...835....3Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/835/3CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/216/44 : Walraven photometry in Sco-Cen association (De Geus+, 1989)J/A+A/372/173 : ISOCAM obs. of the rho Ophiuchi cloud (Bontemps+, 2001)J/A+A/432/369 : Leiden Atomic and Molecular Database (LAMDA) (Schoeier+, 2005)J/AJ/130/1733 : Optical spectroscopy of {rho} Oph stars (Wilking+, 2005)J/A+A/447/609 : 1.2mm continuum observations in rho Oph cloud (Stanke+, 2006)J/ApJ/683/822 : Star formation in Ophiuchus and Perseus II. (Jorgensen+, 2008)J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/A+A/532/A23 : TIMASSS. I. (Caux+, 2011)J/A+A/548/A24 : 1.3mm observations of CrA cluster (Lindberg+, 2012)J/A+A/560/A73 : Horsehead H2CO and CH3OH 30m and PdBI maps (Guzman+, 2013)J/A+A/578/A131 : Gas & dust in the star-forming region rho OphA (Liseau+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/835/3https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/835/3http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/835/3https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/835/3https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/835/3http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/835/3GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/835/3/table1 (Coordinates and other properties of the observed sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/835/3/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/835/3/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/835/3/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true246.60675-24.40802780.0055555555555555566/42970 42981 42992https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/835/3?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/835/3/table1Coordinates and other properties of the observed sourcesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCloudCloudmeta.id.parentcharNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000[16] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[24] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRMS[10.9/30.5] Measured spectral RMS noise when averaging to 1km/s channelsmKinstr.det.noisefloatl_TbolLimit Flag on Tbolmeta.code.errorcharTbol[41/1500]? Bolometric TemperatureKphys.temperatureintnullablel_LbolLimit flag on Lbolmeta.code.errorcharLbol[0.009/18]? LuminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullablealpha[-1.3/5.1]? IR SED Slopespect.indexfloatnullableONameOther common identifier(s)meta.idcharJ/ApJ/835/3/table3Measured rotational temperatures, column densities, median line widths, and LSR velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCloudCloudmeta.id.parentcharNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimarym_Name[ms ] main or secondary emission line componentmeta.code.multipcharl_TrH2COLimit flag for Trot-H2COmeta.code.errorcharTrH2CO[15/292]? H_2_CO Rotational Temperature (1)Kphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_TrH2CO? Uncertainty in Trot-H2CO (1)Kstat.errorfloatnullableNH2CO[4/79]? H_2_CO number density (1)1e+12cm**-2phys.densityfloatnullablee_NH2CO? Uncertainty in N-H2CO (1)1e+12cm**-2stat.errorfloatnullabledvH2CO[0.2/3]? H_2_CO linewidth, median value (1)km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablevlsrH2CO[2/5]? H_2_CO LSR velocity, median value (1)km/sphys.veloc;stat.medianfloatnullablel_TrcC3H2Limit flag for Trot-cC3H2meta.code.errorcharTrcC3H2[6.7/17]? c-C_3_H_2_ Rotational TemperatureKphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_TrcC3H2? Uncertainty in Trot-cC3H2Kstat.errorfloatnullableNcC3H2[0.4/6.5]? c-C_3_H_2_ number density1e+12cm**-2phys.densityfloatnullablee_NcC3H2? Uncertainty in N-cC3H21e+12cm**-2stat.errorfloatnullabledvcC3H2[0.2/2]? c-C_3_H_2_ linewidth, median valuekm/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablevlsrcC3H2[2.9/5]? c-C_3_H_2_ LSR velocity, median valuekm/sphys.veloc;stat.medianfloatnullableNlNumber of line measurements for this sourcemeta.numberintnullableJ/ApJ/835/3/table4Measured line parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharm_Name[ms ] main or secondary emission line component (1)meta.code.multipcharFreq0[216112/219950]? Rest Frequency (2)MHzem.freqdoublenullableMolMoleculemeta.noteTransTransitionphys.temperaturef_TransFlag on Transition (3)meta.codecharvlsr[0/6.5]? LSR velocity from Gaussian fitkm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullabledv[0.1/10.1]? linewidth from Gaussian fitkm/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableTmbdv[-9.99/19.5]? Integrated intensity (4)K.km/sphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_Tmbdv[0.01/0.07]? Uncertainty in TmbdvK.km/sstat.errorfloatnullable