J/ApJ/834/105ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/834/105doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18340105CDSColucci J.E.Bernstein R.A.McWilliam A.2017-07-19T07:35:26Z2017-06-23T14:53:32ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesglobular-star-clustersspectroscopyline-intensitiesWe present abundances of globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way and Fornax from integrated-light (IL) spectra. Our goal is to evaluate the consistency of the IL analysis relative to standard abundance analysis for individual stars in those same clusters. This sample includes an updated analysis of seven clusters from our previous publications and results for five new clusters that expand the metallicity range over which our technique has been tested. We find that the [Fe/H] measured from IL spectra agrees to ~0.1dex for GCs with metallicities as high as [Fe/H]=-0.3, but the abundances measured for more metal-rich clusters may be underestimated. In addition we systematically evaluate the accuracy of abundance ratios, [X/Fe], for Na I, Mg I, Al I, Si I, Ca I, Ti I, Ti II, Sc II, V I, Cr I, Mn I, Co I, Ni I, Cu I, Y II, Zr I, Ba II, La II, Nd II, and Eu II. The elements for which the IL analysis gives results that are most similar to analysis of individual stellar spectra are Fe I, Ca I, Si I, Ni I, and Ba II. The elements that show the greatest differences include Mg I and Zr I. Some elements show good agreement only over a limited range in metallicity. More stellar abundance data in these clusters would enable more complete evaluation of the IL results for other important elements.2017ApJ...834..105Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/834/105CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/578/A116 : Abundances of red giant stars in NGC6093 (Carretta+, 2015)J/A+A/572/A108 : 47 Tuc red giants chemical composition (Thygesen+, 2014)J/AJ/148/67 : Abundances of 156 bulge red giants (Johnson+, 2014)J/A+A/567/A72 : Stellar parameters & abundances in NGC6752 (Gruyters+, 2014)J/A+A/565/A8 : Stroemgren photometry near NGC 6528 (Calamida+, 2014)J/MNRAS/437/1609 : NGC 2808 HB stars abundances (Marino+, 2014)J/ApJ/780/94 : Abundances of red giants in 47 Tuc (Cordero+, 2014)J/MNRAS/434/358 : 4 Galactic globular clusters Fe line depths (Sakari+, 2013)J/A+A/557/A138 : Detailed chemical abundances in NGC 362 (Carretta+ 2013)J/ApJ/771/67 : Abundances for 97 metal-poor stars. II. (Ishigaki+, 2013)J/ApJ/749/175 : Abundances for stars in Plaut's window (Johnson+, 2012)J/ApJ/746/29 : High-resolution GC abundances. IV. 8 LMC GCs (Colucci+, 2012)J/A+A/534/A123 : Horizontal branch stars in NGC 2808 (Gratton+, 2011)J/AJ/142/63 : Abundance of five stars in NGC 6397 (Koch+, 2011)J/ApJ/735/55 : High-resolution GCs abundances. III. LMC (Colucci+, 2011)J/A+A/530/A54 : Abundances of 650 bulge red giants (Gonzalez+, 2011)J/A+A/527/A148 : NGC6397 red giants chemical composition (Lind+, 2011)J/A+A/513/A35 : Abundances of Galactic red giants (Alves-Brito+, 2010)J/AJ/135/1551 : Abundances of stars in 47 Tuc (Koch+, 2008)J/A+A/464/967 : Abundances of red giants in NGC 6388 (Carretta+, 2007)J/A+A/455/271 : Abundances of red giants in NGC 6441 (Gratton+, 2006)J/AJ/131/1766 : Abundances and equivalent widths in NGC 2808 (Carretta, 2006)J/ApJS/161/304 : Star clusters in the MW and satellites (McLaughlin+, 2005)J/AJ/130/2140 : Abundances & velocities in globular clusters (Pritzl+, 2005)J/MNRAS/340/304 : [X/Fe] of Galactic disc F and G dwarfs (Reddy+, 2003)J/A+A/385/67 : HST VI photom. & proper motions in NGC 6528 (Feltzing+, 2002)J/AJ/120/1841 : Abundances & Kinematics of Halo & Disk Stars (Fulbright 2000)J/A+A/303/468 : Spectrospcopy, IR-photom. in GCs (Minniti, 1995)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/834/105https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/834/105http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/834/105https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/834/105https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/834/105http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/834/105GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/834/105/gcs (Observations and final results for the globular clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/834/105/gcs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/834/105/gcs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/834/105/gcs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.021667-72.0808330.0055555555555555566/28705 28778 28882 29267 33321 33330 35969 37294 42076 42314 42990 47125https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/834/105?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/834/105/table3Globular cluster (GC) Fe I equivalent-widths (EWs)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[4114.4/7568.9] Wavelength; in Angstroms (1)0.1nmem.wlfloatExPot[0/5] Excitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatlog(gf)[-6.4/0.7] Log of the oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatEW3[25.6/143.2]? Equivalent width of Fornax 3 (2)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW104[12/147.4]? Equivalent width of NGC 104 (2)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW2808[27.5/186.3]? Equivalent width of NGC 2808 (2)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW362[34.8/149.6]? Equivalent width of NGC 362 (2)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW6093[38.5/141.7]? Equivalent width of NGC 6093 (2)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW6397[14.9/116.6]? Equivalent width of NGC 6397 (2)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEW6752[23/129.8]? Equivalent width of NGC 6752 (2)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableJ/ApJ/834/105/table4Fe I synthesis abundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[4114.4/7583.8] Wavelength; in Angstroms0.1nmem.wlfloatN6388[6.6/7.5]? 12+log(X/H) FeI Abundance for NGC 6388 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6440[6.6/7.5]? 12+log(X/H) FeI Abundance for NGC 6440 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6441[6.4/7.4]? 12+log(X/H) FeI Abundance for NGC 6441 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6528[6.6/7.6]? 12+log(X/H) FeI Abundance for NGC 6528 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6553[6.6/7.5]? 12+log(X/H) FeI Abundance for NGC 6553 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableJ/ApJ/834/105/gcsObservations and final results for the globular clustersAreaScan areaphys.area;instrcharExp[2700/25200] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_Name[zn] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharNameGlobular cluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000) (2)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000) (2)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainmuVMilky Way central surface brightnesses in V from McLaughlin & van der Marel (2005, J/ApJS/161/304)mag/arcsecphot.mag.sb;em.opt.Vfloatf_muV[a] a: from Harris (1991ARA&A..29..543H, 2010 revision)meta.codecharVmag[3.9/12.6] V-band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatVMag[-9.7/-6.5] Total V-band absolute magnitude (M_Vtot_)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatE(B-V)[0.04/1.1] Color excess (2)magphot.color.excessfloatRcore[0.04/3.2] Core radius (2)arcminphys.angSizefloatTelTelescopemeta.id;instr.telcharS/N[52/200] Signal-to-noise ratio in pixel^-1^pixel**-1stat.snrint[FeI/H][-2.3/-0.3] mean abundance from FeI linesphys.abund;stat.meanfloatSigFeI[0.1/0.3] Standard deviation {sigma} (1)stat.stdevfloats_[FeI/H][0.02/0.2] Uncertainty in abundance {sigma}_A,FeI_ (2)stat.error;phys.abundfloate_[FeI/H][0.03/0.2] Total uncertainty {sigma}_FeI_ (3)stat.error;phys.abundfloatNFeI[36/111] Number of FeI linesmeta.numberint[FeII/H][-2.2/-0.2]? mean abundance from FeII linesphys.abund;stat.meanfloatnullableSigFeII[0.1/0.4]? Standard deviation {sigma} (1)stat.stdevfloatnullables_[FeII/H][0.01/0.06]? Uncertainty in abundance {sigma}_A,FeII_ (2)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullablee_[FeII/H][0.03/0.3]? Total uncertainty {sigma}_FeII_ (3)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableNFeII[1/15]? Number of FeII linesmeta.numberintnullableAge[8.5/14] AgeGyrtime.agefloate_Age[1/6] Age uncertaintyGyrstat.error;time.agefloatEWsDisplay the equivalent width measurements for this globular clustermeta.ref.urlcharAFeIDisplay 12+log(X/H) FeI Abundance for this globular clustermeta.ref.urlcharAFeIIDisplay the 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for this globular clustermeta.ref.urlcharADisplay the 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for this globular clustermeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/834/105/table5Synthesized Fe II abundancesSpeciesSpeciesmeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[4122.6/6516.1] Wavelength; in Angstroms0.1nmem.wlfloatExPot[2.5/3.9] Excitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatlog(gf)[-4.8/-1.1] Log of the oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatF3[5.3/5.7]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for Fornax 3 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN104[6.5/7.1]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 104 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN2808[6.4/7]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 2808 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN362[6/6.6]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 362 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6093[5.4/6.1]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 6093 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6388[6.98]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 6388 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6440[7.1/7.3]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 6440 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6441[6.7/7.6]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 6441 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6528[6.6/7.8]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 6528 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6553[6.7/7.5]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 6553 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableN6752[5.6/6.2]? 12+log(X/H) FeII Abundance for NGC 6752 (1)phys.abundfloatnullableJ/ApJ/834/105/table9Individual line abundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSpeciesSpeciesmeta.notecharlambda[4061/7932.4] Wavelength; in Angstroms0.1nmem.wlfloatExPot[0/6] Excitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatlog(gf)[-5.6/0.6] Log of the oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatSun[0.4/7.7] 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for the Sun (1)phys.abundfloatF3[-1/5.5]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for Fornax 3phys.abundfloatnullableN104[0.1/7.7]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 104phys.abundfloatnullableN2808[0.6/7]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 2808phys.abundfloatnullableN362[-0.3/7]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 362phys.abundfloatnullableN6093[0.1/6.4]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 6093phys.abundfloatnullableN6388[1.7/7.7]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 6388phys.abundfloatnullableN6440[0.7/8]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 6440phys.abundfloatnullableN6441[0.7/7.6]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 6441phys.abundfloatnullableN6528[1/7.7]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 6528phys.abundfloatnullableN6553[0.5/7.6]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 6553phys.abundfloatnullableN6752[0.3/6.6]? 12+log(X/H) Species Abundance for NGC 6752phys.abundfloatnullable