J/ApJ/831/64ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/831/64doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18310064CDSThorngren D.P.Fortney J.J.Murray-Clay R.A.Lopez E.D.2017-09-22T16:15:31Z2017-02-27T10:06:42ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesstellar-massessolar-system-planetsExoplanet discoveries of recent years have provided a great deal of new data for studying the bulk compositions of giant planets. Here we identify 47 transiting giant planets (20 M_{\Earth}_ < M < 20 M_J_) whose stellar insolations are low enough (F_*_ < 2 x 10^8^ erg s^-1^ cm^-2^, or roughly T_eff_ < 1000) that they are not affected by the hot-Jupiter radius inflation mechanism(s). We compute a set of new thermal and structural evolution models and use these models in comparison with properties of the 47 transiting planets (mass, radius, age) to determine their heavy element masses. A clear correlation emerges between the planetary heavy element mass M_z_ and the total planet mass, approximately of the form M_z_\propto\sqrtM. This finding is consistent with the core-accretion model of planet formation. We also study how stellar metallicity [Fe/H] affects planetary metal-enrichment and find a weaker correlation than has previously been reported from studies with smaller sample sizes. We confirm a strong relationship between the planetary metal-enrichment relative to the parent star Z_planet_/Z_star_ and the planetary mass, but see no relation in Z_planet_/Z_star_ with planet orbital properties or stellar mass. The large heavy element masses of many planets (>50 M_{\Earth}_) suggest significant amounts of heavy elements in H/He envelopes, rather than cores, such that metal-enriched giant planet atmospheres should be the rule. We also discuss a model of core-accretion planet formation in a one-dimensional disk and show that it agrees well with our derived relation between mass and Z_planet_/Z_star_.2016ApJ...831...64Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/831/64CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/corot : CoRoT observation log (N2-4.4) (CoRoT 2016)J/A+A/590/A112 : Kepler-539 CAFE radial velocity measurements (Mancini+, 2016)J/A+A/573/A124 : Kepler-117 (KOI-209) transit-timing variations (Bruno+, 2015)J/AJ/150/33 : Photometry & spectroscopy of HATS-9 and HATS-10 (Brahm+, 2015)J/AJ/149/166 : Photometry and spectroscopy of HATS-6 (Hartman+, 2015)J/AJ/149/149 : Photometry and spectroscopy of HAT-P-54 (Bakos+, 2015)J/ApJS/210/25 : Transit timing variation for planetary pairs. II. (Xie, 2014)J/MNRAS/445/1114 : WASP-69b, WASP-70Ab and WASP-84b (Anderson+, 2014)J/A+A/571/A37 : KOI-1257 photometric and velocimetric data (Santerne+, 2014)J/A+A/549/A134 : 4 new WASP transiting close-in giant planets (Hebrard+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/18 : Frequencies of giant exoplanets (Le Bihan+, 2013)J/ApJ/749/134 : HAT-P-17 radial velocities and light curves (Howard+, 2012)J/other/Nat/481.475 : RVs of Kepler-34b + Kepler-35b (Welsh+, 2012)J/PASP/123/412 : Exoplanet Orbit Database (Wright+, 2011)J/ApJ/742/116 : Photometry of 4 massive transiting exoplanets (Bakos+, 2011)J/ApJ/726/52 : HAT-P-18 and HAT-P-19 follow-up (Hartman+, 2011)J/ApJ/724/866 : Follow-up observations of HAT-P-15 (Kovacs+, 2010)J/ApJ/710/1724 : Follow-up photometry for HAT-P-11 (Bakos+, 2010)J/A+A/520/A66 : CoRoT-8b light and RV curves (Borde+, 2010)J/A+A/517/L1 : Radial velocities of WASP-8b planet (Queloz+, 2010)J/A+A/502/695 : Observations of HD 80606 planetary system (Pont+, 2009)J/ApJ/706/785 : HAT-P-12 light curve (Hartman+, 2009)http://exoplanet.eu/ : The Extrasola Planets Encyclopaediahttp://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/64https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/64http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/64https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/64https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/64http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/64GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/831/64/table1 (Planet data and results)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/64/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/64/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/64/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.58851.42644440.0055555555555555566/1275 3876 6181 7240 9482 10654 13143 14567 14591 14735 14746 14757 14777 14825 14920 14923 15107 15110 15121 15126 15141 15158 15159 15174 16432 20186 21079 21876 22065 24039 26990 26992 28548 30009 30295 30450 30466 34471 42986 43336 43432 43541 46429 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/831/64?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/831/64/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.noteintBibCodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharAuthFirst author's namemeta.bib.authorcharCommCommentmeta.notecharJ/ApJ/831/64/table1Planet data and resultsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefSequence/Reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameintprimaryNoteNotes on System (1)meta.notecharNamePlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharMass[0.06/10.1] Planet mass, Jupiter masses(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloate_Mass[0.01/0.7] Lower uncertainty on Mass(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;phys.massfloatE_MassUpper uncertainty on Mass(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatRad[0.3/1.1] Planet radius, Jupiter radii(7.1492x10+7m)phys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0/0.2] Lower uncertainty on Rad(7.1492x10+7m)stat.errorfloatE_RadUpper uncertainty on Rad(7.1492x10+7m)stat.error;stat.maxfloatageLower[0.1/8] Lower bound on age, GyrGyrtime.age;stat.minfloatageUpper[1/17] Upper bound on age, GyrGyrtime.age;stat.maxfloatFluxFlux, Planet time-averaged insolationmW.m**-2phot.flux;arith.ratiodouble[Fe/H][-0.4/0.5] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H][0.03/0.3] Lower uncertainty on [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatE_[Fe/H]Upper uncertainty on [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.maxfloatMetal[0/663] Metal Mass, Earth masses(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_Metal[0/110] Lower uncertainty on Metal(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.abund.ZfloatE_Metal[1/134] Upper uncertainty on Metal(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatzpl[0/1] Planet bulk metal abundancephys.abund.Zfloate_zpl[0/0.2] Lower uncertainty on zplstat.errorfloatE_zplUpper uncertainty on zplstat.error;stat.maxfloatzpzs[0/133] Planet / Stellar bulk metal abundancephys.abund.Zfloate_zpzs[0/71] Lower uncertainty on zpzsstat.errorfloatE_zpzs[0.4/41] Upper uncertainty on zpzsstat.error;stat.maxfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main