J/ApJ/831/125ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/831/125doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18310125CDSPascucci I.Testi L.Herczeg G.J.Long F.Manara C.F.Hendler N.,Mulders G.D.Krijt S.Ciesla F.Henning T.Mohanty S.,Drabek-Maunder E.Apai D.Szucs L.Sacco G.Olofsson J.2017-06-29T08:55:54Z2017-03-07T12:54:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomystellar-spectral-typesstellar-massesyoung-stellar-objectsThe disk mass is among the most important input parameter for every planet formation model to determine the number and masses of the planets that can form. We present an ALMA 887{mu}m survey of the disk population around objects from ~2 to 0.03M_{sun}_ in the nearby ~2Myr old Chamaeleon I star-forming region. We detect thermal dust emission from 66 out of 93 disks, spatially resolve 34 of them, and identify two disks with large dust cavities of about 45 au in radius. Assuming isothermal and optically thin emission, we convert the 887{mu}m flux densities into dust disk masses, hereafter M_dust_. We find that the M_dust_-M_*_ relation is steeper than linear and of the form M_dust_{propto}(M_*_)^1.3-1.9^, where the range in the power-law index reflects two extremes of the possible relation between the average dust temperature and stellar luminosity. By reanalyzing all millimeter data available for nearby regions in a self-consistent way, we show that the 1-3 Myr old regions of Taurus, Lupus, and Chamaeleon I share the same M_dust_-M_*_ relation, while the 10 Myr old Upper Sco association has a steeper relation. Theoretical models of grain growth, drift, and fragmentation reproduce this trend and suggest that disks are in the fragmentation-limited regime. In this regime millimeter grains will be located closer in around lower-mass stars, a prediction that can be tested with deeper and higher spatial resolution ALMA observations.2016ApJ...831..125Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/831/125CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/828/46 : ALMA survey of Lupus protoplanetary disks. I. (Ansdell+, 2016)J/ApJ/827/142 : ALMA observations of GKM stars in Upper Sco (Barenfeld+, 2016)J/ApJ/826/16 : ALMA and GeMS observations of the OMC1 region (Eisner+, 2016)J/ApJ/825/19 : Mass-radius relationship for planets (Rp<4) (Wolfgang+, 2016)J/ApJ/814/130 : Planet occurrence rates calculated for KOIs (Mulders+, 2015)J/A+A/561/A2 : 36 accreting YSOs emission lines (Alcala+, 2014)J/ApJ/773/168 : Submm fluxes of very low-mass stars and BDs (Mohanty+, 2013)J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)J/ApJ/751/115 : Millimeter emission from Taurus binary systems (Harris+, 2012)J/ApJ/746/154 : Kinematic parallaxes for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)J/A+A/527/A145 : Chamaeleon I 870um sources (Belloche+, 2011)J/ApJ/688/377 : Low-mass objects in Upper Scorpius. II. (Slesnick+, 2008)J/ApJ/684/654 : Low-mass members of Chamaeleon I (Luhman+, 2008)J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)J/ApJS/173/104 : Stellar population in Chamaeleon I (Luhman, 2007)J/ApJ/651/L49 : Upper Sco OB association IRAC observations (Carpenter+, 2006)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/125https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/125GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/831/125/figure8 (The M_dust_-M_*_ relation)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/125/figure8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/125/figure8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/125/figure8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true63.48907529.30536940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/831/125/sources (Source properties and measured ALMA continuum flux densities in Chamaeleon I)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/125/sources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/125/sources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/125/sources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true163.41575-77.20938890.0055555555555555565/270 292 9239 11090 11091 11094 6/342 1029 1030 1031 1037 1039 1040 1042 1043 1047 1048 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1061 1063 1068 1073 1074 1075 1078 1084 1111 1113 1114 1115 1123 1124 1126 1136 1156 1157 1159 1176 23517 23548 23549 23551 24198 24201 24203 24294 24295 24300 36946 36949 37122 37128 37129 42595 42597 42598 42599 42605 42611 42614 42615 42704 42705 42714 42727 42736 42737 42943 42976 42979 42984 42985 42986 42990 42992 43001 44118 44311 44317 44319 44343 44352 44355 44356 44358 44371 44386 44389 44400 444012.239611514764107e-22 2.239611514764107e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/831/125?format=asciiRadioOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/831/125/figure8The M_dust_-M_*_ relationSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLoc[1/4] Location code (1)meta.codeintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharDet?Detection code; 1=yes, 0=3{sigma} upper limitmeta.code;instr.saturation;stat.maxintlogM*[-1.8/0.6] Log stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatlogdust[-0.9/2.5] Log dust mass in Earth units(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatlogd20[-1.1/2.7] Log dust mass in Earth units (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJ/831/125/sourcesSource properties and measured ALMA continuum flux densities in Chamaeleon If_2MASS[*] Flag on 2MASS (1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNameOther identifiermeta.idcharMulti[0/29]? Multiplicity information from lit.arcsecmeta.code.multipfloatnullabler_MultiReference for Multi (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharSpTLuhman+ 2007, J/ApJS/173/104; 2008, J/ApJ/675/1375 MK spectral typesrc.spTypecharSEDSED type ("FS" (flat spectrum), Class "II" (82 instances), or "II/T")meta.code.class;src.morph.typecharALMAALMA sample type ("Cool" or "Hot")meta.idcharASpTAdopted MK spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_ASpTReference for ASpType (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharlogM*[-1.6/0.3] Log stellar masslog(solLum)phys.massfloatb_logM*[-1.8/0.3]? Lower boundary in logM* (3)log(solLum)phys.mass;stat.minfloatnullableB_logM*[-1.1/0.6]? Upper boundary in logM* (3)log(solLum)phys.mass;stat.maxfloatnullablen_2MASS[d*] Flag on 2MASS (4)meta.notecharFnu[-0.7/1364] Integrated flux density at 887ummJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_Fnu[0.1/2] Uncertainty in FnumJystat.errorfloatDelRA[-0.6/1.1] Offsets from the phase center in RA (5)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloate_DelRA[0/0.2] Uncertainty in DelRA (5)arcsecstat.errorfloatDelDE[-0.4/0.5] Offsets from the phase center in DE (5)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloate_DelDE[0/0.2] Uncertainty in DelDE (5)arcsecstat.errorfloatMajAxis[0/0.8] FWHM of major axis (5)arcsecphys.angSizefloatMinAxis[0/0.5] FWHM of minor axis (5)arcsecphys.angSizefloatLCatDisplay data from Luhman+, 2008, J/ApJ/675/1375 and 2007, J/ApJS/173/104 within 0.5"meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main