J/ApJ/829/34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/829/34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18290034CDSShporer A.Fuller J.Isaacson H.Hambleton K.Thompson S.E.Prsa A.,Kurtz D.W.Howard A.W.O'Leary R.M.2017-07-10T06:21:49Z2017-01-18T09:01:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsradial-velocitystellar-massesHeartbeat stars (HB stars) are a class of eccentric binary stars with close periastron passages. The characteristic photometric HB signal evident in their light curves is produced by a combination of tidal distortion, heating, and Doppler boosting near orbital periastron. Many HB stars continue to oscillate after periastron and along the entire orbit, indicative of the tidal excitation of oscillation modes within one or both stars. These systems are among the most eccentric binaries known, and they constitute astrophysical laboratories for the study of tidal effects. We have undertaken a radial velocity (RV) monitoring campaign of Kepler HB stars in order to measure their orbits. We present our first results here, including a sample of 22 Kepler HB systems, where for 19 of them we obtained the Keplerian orbit and for 3 other systems we did not detect a statistically significant RV variability. Results presented here are based on 218 spectra obtained with the Keck/HIRES spectrograph during the 2015 Kepler observing season, and they have allowed us to obtain the largest sample of HB stars with orbits measured using a single instrument, which roughly doubles the number of HB stars with an RV measured orbit. The 19 systems measured here have orbital periods from 7 to 90 days and eccentricities from 0.2 to 0.9. We show that HB stars draw the upper envelope of the eccentricity-period distribution. Therefore, HB stars likely represent a population of stars currently undergoing high eccentricity migration via tidal orbital circularization, and they will allow for new tests of high eccentricity migration theories.2016ApJ...829...34Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/829/34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)J/AJ/151/101 : Kepler Mission. VIII. 285 false positives (Abdul-Masih+, 2016)J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)J/A+A/576/A88 : RVs of 8 KOI eclipsing binaries (Lillo-Box+, 2015)J/AJ/147/119 : Sources in the Kepler field of view (Coughlin+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. Eclipsing binaries in DR2 (Slawson+, 2011)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/AJ/141/83 : Kepler Mission. I. Eclipsing binaries in DR1 (Prsa+, 2011)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)J/ApJS/141/503 : Radial Velocities for 889 late-type stars (Nidever+, 2002)J/AJ/124/1144 : Orbits of 171 single-lined spectrosc. binaries (Latham, 2002)http://keplerebs.villanova.edu/ : Kepler eclipsing binaries online cataloghttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/829/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/829/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/829/34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/829/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/829/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/829/34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/829/34/table1 (Properties of the heartbeat systems and the primary stars for the 22 systems studied here)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/829/34/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/829/34/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/829/34/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true293.1101939.75635890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/829/34/table6 (Known heartbeat systems with RV measured orbit with P<200d)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/829/34/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/829/34/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/829/34/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true300.068358345.1016250.0055555555555555566/14578 14579 14585 14586 14589 14591 14735 14760 14770 14779 14781 14794 14819 14826 14915 14918 14923 14929 14930 14933 14935 15044 15106 15107 15113 15119 15120 15124 15132 15146 15147 15150 15157 15168 15172 22038 30424https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/829/34?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/829/34/table1Properties of the heartbeat systems and the primary stars for the 22 systems studied hererecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input Catalog Designationmeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryFlagRV flag; 1=non-variable RV (see table 4)meta.code.errorcharPer[3.238/89.649] Orbital Period (G1)dtime.perioddoublee_Per[0/0.0007] Uncertainty in Perdstat.errorfloatAHB[260/3820] Photometric amplitude (1)(10-6)src.var.amplitudeintKpmag[8.8/14] Kepler band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatTeff[6215/8092] Effective Temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffUpper uncertainty in Teff (2)Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_TeffLower uncertainty in Teff (2)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[3.7/4.4] Log Surface Gravity (2)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatE_loggUpper uncertainty in logg (2)log(cm.s**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_loggLower uncertainty in logg (2)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatRad1[1.2/3.3] Primary star radius (2)solRadmeta.idfloatE_Rad1Upper uncertainty in Rad1 (2)solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Rad1Lower uncertainty in Rad1 (2)solRadstat.errorfloatMass1[0.9/2.1] Primary star mass (2)solMassmeta.idfloatE_Mass1Upper uncertainty in Mass1 (2)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass1Lower uncertainty in Mass1 (2)solMassstat.errorfloatK16Display data from the Kepler eclipsing binary catalog (Kirk+, 2016, J/AJ/151/68)meta.ref.urlintnullableH14Display data from the Q1-Q16 Kepler catalog (Huber+, 2014, J/ApJS/211/2)meta.ref.urlintnullableNrvNumber of radial velocity measurements for this starmeta.numberintnullableAllDisplay all data for this system in this catalogmeta.ref.urlcharVPVelocity Plotmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/829/34/table4Heartbeat systems showing no radial velocity variabilityKICKepler Input Catalog Designationmeta.id;meta.mainintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPer[3/58.5] Orbital Perioddtime.periodfloatNrv[9/20] Number of Radial Velocity observationsmeta.numberint<RV>[-19.8/-0.5] Mean Radial Velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;stat.meanfloate_<RV>[0.4/1.5] Scatter about Radial Velocity meankm/sstat.errorfloatJ/ApJ/829/34/table6Known heartbeat systems with RV measured orbit with P<200drecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintNameHeartbeat system namemeta.id;pos.framecharPer[2/175.5] Orbital Perioddtime.periodfloate[0.2/0.9] Eccentricity (2)src.orbital.eccentricityfloate_e[0.0002/0.05] Uncertainty in estat.errorfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/829/34/table8Radial velocity tablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input Catalog Designationmeta.id;meta.mainintBJDMid-exposure Time, Modified Barycentric Julian Date, BJD-2457000dtime.epochdoubleRVel[-112/74] Keck/HIRES Radial Velocity, barycentric correctedkm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVel[0.06/10] Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatJ/ApJ/829/34/hbsysOrbital properties , statistical quantities , masses and predicted pseudo-synchronous stellar rotation periods of the 19 heartbeat systemsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input Catalog Designationmeta.id;meta.mainintPer[7.631/89.649] Orbital Period (G1)dtime.perioddoublee_Per[0/0.0007] Uncertainty in Perdstat.errorfloatT0[200.7/269] Periastron time, BJD-2457000dsrc.orbital.periastrondoubleE_T0Upper uncertainty in T0dstat.error;stat.maxfloate_T0Lower uncertainty in T0dstat.errorfloatK[12/66] Radial Velocity semi-amplitudekm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatE_KUpper uncertainty in Kkm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_KLower uncertainty in Kkm/sstat.errorfloatgamma[-34/26] Radial velocity zero point ({gamma})km/sphys.velocfloatE_gammaUpper uncertainty in {gamma}km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_gammaLower uncertainty in {gamma}km/sstat.errorfloate[0.24/0.9] Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_eUpper uncertainty in estat.error;stat.maxfloate_eLower uncertainty in estat.errorfloatomega[-3/3] Argument of periastron ({omega})radsrc.orbital.periastronfloatE_omegaUpper uncertainty in {omega}radstat.error;stat.maxfloate_omegaLower uncertainty in {omega}radstat.errorfloatchisq[2/11] Best fit {chi}^2^stat.fit.chi2floatDoF[2/7] Number of degrees of freedommeta.numberintNfit[1/2] Number of fitting iterationsmeta.numberintjit[0.3/4]? Additive systematic Radial Velocity uncertaintykm/sstat.errorfloatnullableres[0.04/3] Radial Velocity residual scatterkm/sstat.errorfloatMass1[0.9/2.1] Primary star (1)solMassphys.massfloatE_Mass1Upper uncertainty in Mass1 (1)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass1Lower uncertainty in Mass1 (1)solMassstat.errorfloatfm[0.002/0.3] Companion's mass functionsolMassphys.massdoubleE_fmUpper uncertainty in fmsolMassstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_fmLower uncertainty in fmsolMassstat.errordoubleMass2-a[0.19/1.4] Companion star mass (2)solMassphys.massfloatE_Mass2-aUpper uncertainty in Mass2-a (2)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass2-aLower uncertainty in Mass2-a (2)solMassstat.errorfloatMass2-b[0.2/1.7] Companion star mass (3)solMassphys.massfloatE_Mass2-bUpper uncertainty in Mass2-b (3)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass2-bLower uncertainty in Mass2-b (3)solMassstat.errorfloatMass2-c[0.2/1.7] Companion star mass (4)solMassphys.massfloatE_Mass2-cUpper uncertainty in Mass2-c (4)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass2-cLower uncertainty in Mass2-c (4)solMassstat.errorfloatPps[2.9/12] Predicted pseudo-synchronous stellar rotation perioddtime.periodfloate_Pps[0.05/3.1] Uncertainty in Ppsdstat.errorfloat