J/ApJ/829/14ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/829/14doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18290014CDSSoubiran F.Militzer B.2017-02-14T11:58:01Z2017-01-16T14:02:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fratomic-physicsastronomical-modelsThe core-accretion model for giant planet formation suggests a two-layer picture for the initial structure of Jovian planets, with heavy elements in a dense core and a thick H-He envelope. Late planetesimal accretion and core erosion could potentially enrich the H-He envelope in heavy elements, which is supported by the threefold solar metallicity that was measured in Jupiter's atmosphere by the Galileo entry probe. In order to reproduce the observed gravitational moments of Jupiter and Saturn, models for their interiors include heavy elements, Z, in various proportions. However, their effect on the equation of state of the hydrogen-helium mixtures has not been investigated beyond the ideal mixing approximation. In this article, we report results from ab initio simulations of fully interacting H-He-Z mixtures in order to characterize their equation of state and to analyze possible consequences for the interior structure and evolution of giant planets. Considering C, N, O, Si, Fe, MgO, and SiO_2_, we show that the behavior of heavy elements in H-He mixtures may still be represented by an ideal mixture if the effective volumes and internal energies are chosen appropriately. In the case of oxygen, we also compute the effect on the entropy. We find the resulting changes in the temperature-pressure profile to be small. A homogeneous distribution of 2% oxygen by mass changes the temperature in Jupiter's interior by only 80K.2016ApJ...829...14Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/829/14CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/806/228 : Ab initio EOS for water-hydrogen mixtures (Soubiran+, 2015)J/ApJ/774/148 : Ab initio EOS for hydrogen-helium mixtures (Militzer+, 2013)J/ApJ/750/52 : Jupiter model with improved EOS (Nettelmann+, 2012)J/PASP/123/412 : Exoplanet Orbit Database (Wright+, 2011)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/829/14https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/829/14http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/829/14https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/829/14https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/829/14http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/829/14GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/ApJ/829/14/table1Pressure and internal energy of H-He-Z mixtures with 220 H, 18 He and N_Z_ heavy entitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintElHeavy element identifier (C, Fe, Mg0, N, O, Si, SiO2)meta.id;phys.atmol.elementcharT[2000/15000] TemperatureKphys.temperatureintNZ[2/8] Number of heavy element entities insertedmeta.numberintV[0.8/8.2] Volume per nucleus in units of {AA}^3^/nucleusphys.volumedoubleP[8/1679] PressureGPaphys.pressuredoublee_P[0.02/0.7] Uncertainty in PGPastat.errorfloatIntE[-3/5] Internal energy per nucleus in units of eV/nucleusphys.energydoublee_IntE[0.0006/0.3] Uncertainty in IntEstat.errordoubleJ/ApJ/829/14/table2Pressure and internal energy of H-He-O mixtures with 220 H, 18 He and N_O_ O atomse_F[0.0001/0.002] Uncertainty in Fstat.errordoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintT[3500/10000] TemperatureKphys.temperatureintNO[4/8] Number of oxygen atoms insertedmeta.numberintV[1/11] Volume per nucleus in units of {AA}^3^/nucleusphys.volumedoubleP[6.6/856] PressureGPaphys.pressurefloate_P[0.02/0.4] Uncertainty in PGPastat.errorfloatIntE[-2.64/1.875] Internal energy per nucleus in units of eV/nucleusphys.energydoublee_IntE[0.001/0.004] Uncertainty in IntEstat.errordoubleF[-8.71/-1.81] Helmholtz free energy per nucleus in units of eV/nucleusphys.energydoubleJ/ApJ/829/14/table3Effective properties of heavy elements in H-He mixturesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintElHeavy element identifier (C, Fe, Mg0, N, O, Si, SiO2)meta.id;phys.atmol.elementcharT[2000/15000] TemperatureKphys.temperatureintP[10/1950] PressureGPaphys.pressureintV[-7/54] Effective volume per heavy element entity in units of {AA}^3^0.1nm**3phys.volumefloate_V[0.002/13] Uncertainty in V0.1nm**3stat.error;pos.cartesian.yfloatIntE[-21/28] Effective energy per heavy element entityeVphys.energyfloate_IntE[0.002/7] Uncertainty in IntEeVstat.errorfloatS[8/13]? Effective entropy per heavy element entity in units of k_B_ the Boltzmann constant; Only for oxygenphys.energyfloatnullablee_S[0.04/0.8]? Uncertainty in Sstat.errorfloatnullable