J/ApJ/826/56ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/826/56doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18260056CDSRiess A.G.Macri L.M.Hoffmann S.L.Scolnic D.Casertano S.,Filippenko A.V.Tucker B.E.Reid M.J.Jones D.O.Silverman J.M.,Chornock R.Challis P.Yuan W.Brown P.J.Foley R.J.2018-09-13T07:31:53Z2016-10-24T13:36:51ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frhst-photometrysupernovaevariable-starsgalaxiesinfrared-sourcesWe use the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to reduce the uncertainty in the local value of the Hubble constant from 3.3% to 2.4%. The bulk of this improvement comes from new near-infrared (NIR) observations of Cepheid variables in 11 host galaxies of recent type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), more than doubling the sample of reliable SNe Ia having a Cepheid-calibrated distance to a total of 19; these in turn leverage the magnitude-redshift relation based on ~300 SNe Ia at z<0.15. All 19 hosts as well as the megamaser system NGC 4258 have been observed with WFC3 in the optical and NIR, thus nullifying cross-instrument zeropoint errors in the relative distance estimates from Cepheids. Other noteworthy improvements include a 33% reduction in the systematic uncertainty in the maser distance to NGC 4258, a larger sample of Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a more robust distance to the LMC based on late-type detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs), HST observations of Cepheids in M31, and new HST-based trigonometric parallaxes for Milky Way (MW) Cepheids. We consider four geometric distance calibrations of Cepheids: (i) megamasers in NGC 4258, (ii) 8 DEBs in the LMC, (iii) 15 MW Cepheids with parallaxes measured with HST/FGS, HST/WFC3 spatial scanning and/or Hipparcos, and (iv) 2 DEBs in M31. The Hubble constant from each is 72.25+/-2.51, 72.04+/-2.67, 76.18+/-2.37, and 74.50+/-3.27km/s/Mpc, respectively. Our best estimate of H_0_=73.24+/-1.74km/s/Mpc combines the anchors NGC 4258, MW, and LMC, yielding a 2.4% determination (all quoted uncertainties include fully propagated statistical and systematic components). This value is 3.4{sigma} higher than 66.93+/-0.62km/s/Mpc predicted by {Lambda}CDM with 3 neutrino flavors having a mass of 0.06eV and the new Planck data, but the discrepancy reduces to 2.1{sigma} relative to the prediction of 69.3+/-0.7km/s/Mpc based on the comparably precise combination of WMAP+ACT+SPT+BAO observations, suggesting that systematic uncertainties in CMB radiation measurements may play a role in the tension. If we take the conflict between Planck high-redshift measurements and our local determination of H_0_ at face value, one plausible explanation could involve an additional source of dark radiation in the early universe in the range of {Delta}N_eff_~0.4-1. We anticipate further significant improvements in H_0_ from upcoming parallax measurements of long-period MW Cepheids.2016ApJ...826...56Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/826/56CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)J/ApJ/817/128 : Megamaser Cosmology Project. VIII. NGC5765B (Gao+, 2016)J/ApJ/812/31 : Local Star Formation effects on type Ia SNe (Jones+, 2015)J/MNRAS/451/724 : PHAT. XIII. M31 Cepheid P-L relation (Wagner-Kaiser+, 2015)J/AJ/149/117 : LMC infrared survey. I. Photometry of Cepheids (Macri+, 2015)J/ApJ/799/144 : M31 Cepheids in near-IR (Kodric+, 2015)J/A+A/568/A22 : Joint analysis of the SDSS-II & SNLS SNe Ia (Betoule+, 2014)J/ApJ/777/79 : HST photometry of Cepheid candidates in M101 (Mager+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/20 : Nine-year WMAP point source catalogs (Bennett+, 2013)J/ApJ/745/156 : M31 Cepheids with HST/WFC3 (Riess+, 2012)J/ApJ/730/119 : HST/WFC3 obs. of Cepheids in SN Ia hosts (Riess+, 2011)J/A+A/523/A7 : Light curves of type Ia supernovae in SNLS (Guy+, 2010)J/ApJ/722/566 : Host gal. of SNe Ia in SDSS-II SN survey (Lampeitl+, 2010)J/MNRAS/406/782 : Type Ia supernovae luminosities (Sullivan+, 2010)J/ApJ/700/1097 : Light curve parameters of SN Ia (Hicken+, 2009)J/ApJS/183/109 : Cepheids in 3 host galaxies (Riess+, 2009)J/ApJ/700/331 : Light curves of type Ia supernovae (CfA3) (Hicken+, 2009)J/ApJ/699/539 : Cepheids in SN-Ia host galaxies (Riess+, 2009)J/AcA/58/163 : VI light curves of LMC classical Cepheids (Soszynski+, 2008)J/ApJ/659/1040 : VLBI monitoring of NGC 4258 (Argon+, 2007)J/ApJ/659/122 : Improved distances to type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2007)J/ApJ/652/1133 : BVI photometry of NGC 4258 Cepheids (Macri+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/488 : SN type Ia luminosities (Wang+, 2006)J/ApJ/627/579 : Photometry of variables in NGC 3370 (Riess+, 2005)J/AJ/128/2239 : JHKs photometry of 92 LMC Cepheids (Persson+, 2004)J/ApJ/591/L111 : Period of Cepheids in M 83 (Bonanos+, 2003)J/AJ/115/1016 : M31B eclipsing binaries and Cepheids (Kaluzny+ 1998)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/826/56https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/826/56http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/826/56https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/826/56https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/826/56http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/826/56GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/826/56/table1 (Cepheid hosts observed with HST/WFC3)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/56/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/56/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/56/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true210.802429254.348750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/826/56/table4 (HST WFC3-IR Cepheids)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/56/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/56/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/56/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true210.8797954.333760.0055555555555555566/2623 2666 2709 2752 5639 5975 10977 10979 10980 10982 11434 11496 13907 17741 25344 25960 25961 26271 27738 27918 28294 28299 34361 34531 36287 37429 44915 449211.1796835550914393e-19 1.4053184620945436e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/826/56?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/826/56/table8Fits for H0ClpClipping procedure (4)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintchi2[0.8/1.5] Reduced {chi}^2^_dof_stat.fit.chi2floatH0[70.7/79.3] Hubble constantkm.s**-1.Mpc**-1stat.paramfloate_H0[1/4] Uncertainty in H0 (1)km.s**-1.Mpc**-1stat.errorfloatAncAnchors (2)meta.codecharBrkBreak in Cepheid P-L relation (3)meta.codecharClt[2.7/3.5]? Clipping threshold, {sigma}; Blank=No clippingstat.paramfloatnullableOpt[YN] Optical completeness requiredmeta.codecharPLForm of Cepheid P-L relation used (5)meta.codecharR[CFN] Redding Law (6)meta.codecharRV[2.5/3.3] Extinction-law parameterstat.paramfloatN[1203/3138] Number of Cepheids fitmeta.numberintZs[BZ] Metallicity scale (7)meta.codechargamma[-0.3/-0.06]? Change in Wesenheit mag/log(O/H)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_gamma[0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty in {gamma}stat.errorfloatnullableb[-3.4/-2.9]? Slope of Cepheid P-L for all P in no-break variants; for P>10d for two-slope variants (in mag/[-])stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_b[0.01/0.04]? Uncertainty in bstat.errorfloatnullablebl[-4.2/-3.1]? Slope of Cepheid P-L for P<10d (in mag/[-])stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_bl[0.02/0.06]? Uncertainty in blstat.errorfloatnullableSN[MS] Light-curve fitter (S=SALT or M=MLCS2k2)meta.codecharzm[0.01/0.03] Minimum z used in SN Hubble diagramstat.fit.paramfloatMX0[-19.4/-19] SN absolute magnitude (8)magphys.magAbsfloataX[0.70/0.72] Intercept of SN Hubble diagram (8)magstat.fit.paramdoubleGal[ALS] SN host galaxy sample; A=All, S=Spiral, L=high LSFmeta.notecharJ/ApJ/826/56/table1Cepheid hosts observed with HST/WFC3recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalGalaxy namemeta.id.parentcharprimaryf_Gal[d] Flag on Gal (1)meta.codecharSNSN Ia namemeta.id;meta.maincharNcNumber of Cepheids in this fieldmeta.numberintnullableIRexpNIR exposure time obtained with WFC3/IR and F160Wstime.duration;obs.exposureintOexpOptical exposure time (2)stime.duration;obs.exposure;em.optintPIDProposal IDsmeta.id;obscharDateUT date of first WFC3/IR observationtime.epoch;obsnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from the host galaxy in SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from the host galaxy in SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/826/56/table4HST WFC3-IR CepheidsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalObserved fieldmeta.id.parentcharRAJ2000Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainIDCepheid identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPer[3/99] Cepheid perioddtime.periodfloatV-I[0.5/2.5] HST/WFC3 F555W-F814W color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.IfloatF160W[16/26.8] HST/WFC3 F160W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatsigTot[0.1/0.8] Total statistical uncertainty in Cepheid magnitudemagstat.errorfloat[O/H][8.4/9.4] Metallicity estimate, 12+log(0/H), position based, Hoffmann et al. in prep.phys.abundfloat