J/ApJ/821/93ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/821/93doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18210093CDSNewton E.R.Irwin J.Charbonneau D.Berta-Thompson Z.K.Dittmann J.A.,West A.A.2017-09-29T09:03:03Z2016-08-25T08:29:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsstellar-massesproper-motionsRotation is a directly observable stellar property, and it drives magnetic field generation and activity through a magnetic dynamo. Main-sequence stars with masses below approximately 0.35M_{sun}_ (mid-to-late M dwarfs) are fully convective, and are expected to have a different type of dynamo mechanism than solar-type stars. Measurements of their rotation rates provide insight into these mechanisms, but few rotation periods are available for these stars at field ages. Using photometry from the MEarth Project, we measure rotation periods for 387 nearby, mid-to-late M dwarfs in the northern hemisphere, finding periods from 0.1 to 140 days. The typical rotator has stable, sinusoidal photometric modulations at a semi-amplitude of 0.5%-1%. We find no period-amplitude relation for stars below 0.25M_{sun}_ and an anticorrelation between period and amplitude for higher-mass M dwarfs. We highlight the existence of older, slowly rotating stars without H{alpha} emission that nevertheless have strong photometric variability. We use parallaxes, proper motions, radial velocities, photometry, and near-infrared metallicity estimates to further characterize the population of rotators. The Galactic kinematics of our sample is consistent with the local population of G and K dwarfs, and rotators have metallicities characteristic of the solar neighborhood. We use the W space velocities and established age-velocity relations to estimate that stars with P<10d have ages of on average <2Gyr, and that those with P>70d have ages of about 5Gyr. The period distribution is dependent on mass: as the mass decreases, the slowest rotators at a given mass have longer periods, and the fastest rotators have shorter periods. We find a lack of stars with intermediate rotation periods, and the gap between the fast and slow rotators is larger for lower masses. Our data are consistent with a scenario in which these stars maintain rapid rotation for several gigayears, then spin down quickly, reaching periods of around 100d by a typical age of 5Gyr.2016ApJ...821...93Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/821/93CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)J/ApJ/818/153 : MEarth photometry: nearby M-dwarf (Dittmann+, 2016)J/ApJ/812/3 : MEarth mid-to-late M dwarfs rotation+kinematics (West+, 2015)J/ApJ/800/85 : Teff, radii and luminosities of cool dwarfs (Newton+, 2015)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/AJ/146/156 : APOGEE M-dwarf survey. I. 1st yr velocities (Deshpande+, 2013)J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/AcA/63/53 : ASAS photometry of ROSAT sources. II. (Kiraga+, 2013)J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)J/AJ/144/99 : Near-IR spectroscopy of 36 late M dwarfs (Deshpande+, 2012)J/AJ/144/93 : Close white dwarf + M dwarf binaries (WD+dM) (Morgan+, 2012)J/AJ/143/93 : Rotational velocities in early-M stars (Reiners+, 2012)J/A+A/532/A10 : RACE-OC project. II. (Messina+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/L9 : Stellar rotation for 71 NGC 6811 members (Meibom+, 2011)J/ApJ/723/684 : NIRSPEC ultracool dwarf radial velocity survey (Blake+, 2010)J/MNRAS/407/1657 : Rotation velocities of dwarf M stars (Houdebine, 2010)J/ApJ/705/1416 : Volume-limited sample of M7-M9.5 dwarfs <20pc (Reiners+, 2009)J/ApJ/704/975 : Rotational velocities for M dwarfs (Jenkins+, 2009)J/AJ/137/1 : PMs & astrometry of late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)J/MNRAS/390/567 : Magnetic field and velocity of mid M dwarfs (Morin+, 2008)J/MNRAS/390/545 : Magnetic field & velocity of early M dwarfs (Donati+, 2008)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/A+A/480/91 : Galactic disk stars distribution. IV. (Soubiran+, 2008)J/AJ/133/2258 : Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2007)J/A+A/467/785 : SuperWASP/ROSAT periodic variable stars (Norton+, 2007)J/AJ/130/1680 : LSPM-North proper-motion catalog nearby stars (Lepine+, 2005)J/A+A/430/165 : Radial velocities for 6691 K and M giants (Famaey+, 2005)J/A+A/410/527 : Abundances in the Galactic disk (Bensby+, 2003)J/AJ/123/3356 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectrosc. survey. III. (Gizis+, 2002)J/MNRAS/301/1031 : High resolution spectra of VLM stars (Tinney+ 1998)J/A+A/331/581 : Rotation and activity in field M dwarfs (Delfosse+ 1998)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/93https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/93http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/93https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/93https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/93http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/93GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/821/93/table1 (Kinematics and rotation periods for all rotators and non-rotators)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/93/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/93/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/93/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.315871946.993240.0055555555555555566/5 22 65 83 90 92 105 112 125 134 187 196 197 213 219 239 247 250 251 260 265 291 305 309 324 325 345 367 398 399 407 410 411 427 458 462 467 470 476 487 507 512 514 521 527 535 546 547 551 572 574 586 595 596 608 614 636 648 654 671 691 725 728 731 733 782 784 793 796 803 804 807 815 823 824 836 847 848 856 861 865 918 930 939 963 964 978 996 1020 1025 1060 1069 1122 1134 1135 1143 1149 1189 1191 1195 1198 1203 1240 1256 1263 1266 1274 1276 1352 1357 1368 1395 1401 1407 1410 1415 1423 1442 1449 1453 1456 1469 1471 1523 1552 1567 1594 1609 1618 1619 1628 1635 1636 1703 1708 1710 1712 1739 1757 1782 1819 1827 1830 1840 1849 1872 1889 1890 1911 1928 1953 1987 1988 1994 1997 1998 2027 2058 2071 2109 2139 2146 2152 2156 2159 2190 2194 2197 2212 2224 2226 2233 2250 2278 2293 2313 2314 2316 2318 2322 2330 2331 2334 2335 2340 2350 2387 2405 2421 2435 2442 2456 2458 2472 2473 2484 2490 2511 2512 2516 2528 2545 2548 2562 2572 2574 2577 2585 2586 2589 2608 2634 2650 2652 2655 2660 2662 2681 2683 2701 2707 2737 2739 2766 2768 2782 2783 2796 2809 2829 2830 2870 2879 2891 2892 2899 2909 2913 2916 2919 2922 2944 2958 2969 2970 2972 2981 3005 3015 3017 3033 3035 3037 3045 3050 3073 3122 3158 3162 3187 3188 3212 3225 3237 3254 3259 3262 3273 3284 3293 3313 3315 3326 3345 3347 3357 3387 3404 3426 3439 3443 3488 3509 3512 3517 3535 3536 3555 3579 3586 3603 3610 3621 3626 3632 3634 3646 3647 3649 3657 3659 3699 3715 3729 3739 3761 3768 3779 3786 3790 3810 3830 3836 3837 3857 3858 3859 3862 3863 3866 3875 3882 3883 3889 3900 3905 3933 3943 3968 4008 4015 4019 4048 4060 4073 4088 4094 4096 4113 4145 4147 4156 4158 4159 4184 4194 4195 4230 4262 4264 4265 4293 4295 4299 4340 4365 4375 4396 4416 4421 4425 4455 4462 4468 4499 4518 4519 4533 4537 4553 4560 4590 4591 4629 4652 4656 4663 4685 4686 4690 4693 4708 4716 4725 4732 4739 4768 4770 4775 4804 4809 4830 4867 4927 4931 4932 4936 4945 4948 4964 4976 4985 4995 4997 5000 5009 5018 5041 5113 5114 5176 5211 5215 5225 5238 5242 5257 5264 5266 5267 5291 5304 5311 5333 5343 5352 5387 5401 5420 5422 5428 5435 5463 5483 5504 5530 5534 5540 5590 5601 5607 5610 5630 5641 5647 5652 5659 5683 5697 5699 5710 5720 5727 5736 5743 5758 5769 5777 5794 5810 5832 5842 5849 5854 5860 5879 5881 5902 5912 5917 5927 5935 5938 5941 5948 6003 6020 6026 6030 6055 6073 6150 6151 6169 6188 6275 6295 6318 6325 6331 6343 6382 6399 6408 6437 6453 6466 6469 6480 6524 6550 6552 6570 6594 6622 6634 6637 6676 6686 6690 6705 6710 6715 6719 6721 6750 6771 6776 6809 6810 6833 6880 6888 6890 6892 6894 6902 6916 6923 6934 6951 6974 6977 6978 6996 7029 7042 7045 7080 7089 7103 7147 7170 7181 7182 7190 7198 7201 7216 7223 7230 7231 7262 7273 7277 7300 7313 7329 7330 7334 7345 7354 7376 7388 7395 7399 7543 7562 7572 7605 7606 7647 7675 7681 7689 7736 7756 7760 7773 7777 7787 7797 7810 7816 7818 7840 7847 7849 7850 7860 7898 7900 7908 7914 7922 7937 7956 7963 7980 7984 8023 8034 8041 8058 8075 8076 8092 8109 8116 8163 8170 8190 8237 8275 8281 8313 8331 8337 8356 8357 8358 8381 8392 8398 8421 8446 8470 8472 8483 8490 8536 8540 8550 8552 8562 8574 8588 8589 8590 8592 8593 8608 8613 8617 8630 8633 8652 8657 8659 8677 8684 8690 8711 8721 8722 8723 8729 8756 8765 8776 8779 8815 8875 8894 8920 8958 8981 9039 9042 9043 9073 9086 9101 9113 9117 9126 9138 9156 9157 9185 9188 9200 9254 9269 9311 9347 9359 9374 9383 9384 9396 9403 9428 9429 9432 9433 9446 9471 9492 9501 9519 9531 9534 9538 9571 9579 9596 9622 9636 9644 9695 9710 9728 9729 9735 9747 9752 9805 9806 9807 9857 9867 9868 9883 9885 9888 9929 9948 9951 9954 10017 10022 10027 10035 10037 10044 10061 10062 10096 10103 10110 10136 10141 10191 10198 10214 10226 10258 10272 10275 10278 10283 10292 10303 10308 10314 10324 10329 10332 10333 10337 10338 10343 10347 10348 10351 10356 10376 10381 10384 10407 10408 10416 10424 10433 10490 10497 10500 10521 10523 10572 10580 10586 10590 10602 10619 10626 10644 10652 10667 10676 10689 10706 10718 10774 10783 10790 10833 10834 10838 10872 10873 10984 11028 11029 11044 11055 11056 11058 11072 11096 11145 11146 11154 11157 11158 11163 11172 11174 11177 11183 11280 11282 11291 11298 11334 11336 11363 11373 11378 11387 11391 11394 11395 11403 11444 11448 11459 11471 11479 11488 11490 11496 11508 11512 11527 11533 11560 11593 11594 11598 11638 11639 11641 11642 11657 11662 11663 11682 11694 11713 11723 11729 11734 11736 11743 11762 11767 11778 11781 11815 11832 11847 11882 11884 11921 11926 11930 11937 11962 11999 12015 12027 12030 12037 12073 12075 12081 12086 12090 12097 12108 12119 12120 12127 12128 12140 12157 12182 12184 12203 12224 12236 12247 12260 12272 12282 12329 12343 12365 12417 12430 12439 12447 12450 12454 12462 12484 12497 12509 12512 12520 12523 12534 12541 12567 12568 12601 12602 12620 12633 12674 12713 12728 12731 12737 12752 12777 12789 12793 12837 12838 12845 12847 12856 12864 12865 12876 12877 12915 12918 12925 12931 12940 12941 12948 12970 12976 12982 13009 13057 13058 13062 13065 13135 13158 13198 13215 13230 13260 13261 13280 13289 13309 13323 13327 13346 13355 13358 13362 13367 13371 13376 13396 13451 13511 13512 13530 13567 13641 13644 13654 13659 13688 13695 13748 13750 13757 13761 13773 13788 13809 13815 13821 13875 13915 13925 13931 13934 13936 13937 13965 13994 13997 14002 14016 14020 14028 14029 14030 14065 14072 14084 14087 14096 14101 14125 14140 14152 14159 14186 14187 14220 14241 14248 14252 14256 14282 14291 14300 14314 14316 14319 14340 14372 14373 14394 14399 14402 14410 14419 14430 14447 14465 14467 14470 14477 14480 14481 14482 14484 14515 14533 14549 14576 14603 14609 14615 14619 14621 14639 14653 14666 14673 14685 14740 14743 14746 14756 14772 14777 14781 14843 14845 14850 14858 14859 14896 14908 14910 14916 14919 14931 14948 14964 14967 14971 14972 14985 15052 15066 15191 15193 15239 15262 15346 15355 15372 15373 15390 15406 15412 15414 15417 15423 15441 15442 15450 15459 15462 15465 15467 15472 15474 15479 15516 15525 15539 15548 15563 15576 15588 15592 15594 15602 15634 15635 15656 15660 15661 15675 15681 15682 15721 15723 15726 15737 15745 15754 15774 15776 15784 15788 15792 15815 15839 15840 15852 15857 15866 15878 15879 15887 15919 15947 15948 15952 15953 15956 15963 15969 15975 15976 16007 16041 16056 16068 16085 16098 16103 16115 16119 16164 16175 16180 16188 16190 16193 16207 16208 16213 16220 16237 16249 16262 16266 16270 16282 16296 16299 16301 16318 16319 16333 17774 17776 17785 17813 17830 17843 17861 17863 17873 17918 18007 18032 18036 18073 18175 18187 18188 18218 18268 18290 18300 18325 18343 18381 18411 18791 18877 18881 18883 18913 18918 18931 18942 19065 19068 19103 19137 19163 19165 19193 19211 19215 19228 19257 19291 19312 19323 19328 19376 19457 19493 19510 19549 19586 19587 19606 19612 19620 19628 19634 19650 19668 19726 19737 19751 19755 19756 19777 19778 19782 19808 19830 19836 19855 19867 19879 19886 19895 19901 19931 19957 19966 20007 20035 20053 20074 20081 20087 20090 20099 20133 20139 20154 20163 20171 20190 20238 20240 20257 20268 20282 20283 20291 20299 20314 20327 20345 20362 20379 20386 20389 20395 20400 20413 20459 20472 20474 21873 21884 21954 21968 21983 21986 21987 21988 22007 22014 22110 22221 22222 22236 22253 22256 22284 22289 22302 22325 22328 22336 22343 22350 22355 22367 22403 22413 22420 22449 22501 22518 22524 22954 22992 23211 23212 23226 23228 23254 23261 23265 23279 23287 23288 23292 23293 23310 23317 23321 23328 23331 23346 23356 23373 23375 23391 23401 23425 23443 23450 23453 23465 23482 23487 23496 23497 23503 23512 23516 23518 23519 23522 23527 23532 23554 23564 23575 23595 23607 23636 23641 23687 23696 23702 23704 23718 23724 23730 23735 23737 23739 23753 23801 23818 23821 23858 23859 23865 23881 23927 23929 23939 23943 23986 23997 24014 24016 24056 24093 24105 24159 24193 24212 24215 24223 24232 24236 24249 24261 24269 24288 24291 24292 24313 24323 24330 24336 24343 24362 24426 24435 24473 24486 24504 24507 24528 25972 26046 26048 26055 26063 26085 26099 26103 26107 26199 26207 26261 26279 26288 26319 26327 26340 26343 26358 26362 26388 26404 26408 26442 26445 26464 26465 26466 26473 26484 26507 26563 26584 26590 26594 26599 26623 26972 26991 27037 27053 27056 27063 27071 27086 27102 27104 27115 27225 27258 27289 27311 27326 27357 27431 27441 27456 27460 27462 27464 27509 27514 27519 27537 27578 27675 27704 27719 27735 27737 27759 27762 27768 27792 27802 27814 27820 27884 27886 27909 27918 27937 27939 27967 27976 28005 28053 28055 28087 28093 28101 28117 28120 28133 28135 28144 28148 28162 28163 28169 28195 28232 28238 28240 28242 28243 28267 28279 28291 28306 28324 28325 28327 28329 28340 28343 28356 28360 28379 28382 28387 28404 28417 28419 28454 28459 28477 28480 28486 28510 28517 28528 28602 28662 30146 30149 30177 30189 30193 30200 30321 30335 30375 30388 30392 30408 30435 30454 30455 30500 30502 30505 30507 30522 30532 30533 30555 30591 30613 30618 30625 30676 31089 31130 31147 31148 31187 31216 31226 31323 31327 31352 31427 31440 31450 31510 31518 31529 31557 31566 31570 31592 31594 31616 31617 31621 31622 31642 31651 31694 31740 31748 31764 31767 31772 31773 31781 31782 31803 31811 31898 31911 31935 31941 31943 31960 31974 31991 32015 32028 32033 32034 32038 32055 32056 32060 32063 32076 32083 32089 32093 32104 32110 32115 32127 32140 32146 32157 32158 32166 32167 32173 32175 32221 32224 32229 32244 32259 32262 32263 32265 32274 32278 32296 32329 32331 32336 32341 32358 32364 32380 32444 32452 32468 32497 32500 32520 32540 32541 32544 32553 32565 32584 32588 32595 32596 32602 32623 32627 32643 32650 32658 32679 32686 32699 32707 32708 32712 32749 32753 32761https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/821/93?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/821/93/table1Kinematics and rotation periods for all rotators and non-rotatorsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeSource type (1)meta.codechar2MASS2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.idcharLSPMLSPM identifier (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplx[0.006/0.6]? Parallaxarcsecpos.parallaxfloatnullablee_plx[0/0.02]? Uncertainty in plxarcsecstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullabler_plxADS bibliography code reference for plxmeta.ref;pos.framecharpmRA[-9.7/19.6] Proper motion along RAarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-5.2/10.3] Proper motion along Declinationarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatRVel[-267/254]? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RVel[0/44]? Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullabler_RVelADS bibliography code reference for RVelmeta.ref;pos.framecharU[-146/269]? Velocity towards Galactic centerkm/sphys.veloc;pos.galacticfloatnullableV[-221/65]? Velocity in direction of galactic rotationkm/sphys.veloc.rotat;pos.galacticfloatnullableW[-155/224]? Velocity toward the North Galactic Polekm/sphys.veloc;pos.galacticfloatnullablePer[0.1/1500] Photometric rotation perioddtime.perioddoubleAmp[0.0001/0.5] Semi-amplitude of variabilitymagsrc.var.amplitudefloate_Amp[0.001/0.4] Uncertainty in Ampmagstat.errorfloatMass[0.05/0.8]? Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableRad[0.1/0.8]? Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullableVRot[0/383] Rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatCont[1/4]? Contamination flag (2)meta.codeintnullableN[28/6197] Number of data pointsmeta.numberintErr[0.0007/0.02] Median errorsrc.sample;stat.medianfloatFstat[4/10236] F-test statistic (3)stat.fit.paramintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar