J/ApJ/821/89ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/821/89doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18210089CDSBryan M.L.Knutson H.A.Howard A.W.Ngo H.Batygin K.Crepp J.R.,Fulton B.J.Hinkley S.Isaacson H.Johnson J.A.Marcy G.W.Wright J.T.2017-10-18T08:25:02Z2016-08-24T08:00:17ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradial-velocitymultiple-starsWe conducted a Doppler survey at Keck combined with NIRC2 K-band adaptive optics (AO) imaging to search for massive, long-period companions to 123 known exoplanet systems with one or two planets detected using the radial velocity (RV) method. Our survey is sensitive to Jupiter-mass planets out to 20au for a majority of stars in our sample, and we report the discovery of eight new long-period planets, in addition to 20 systems with statistically significant RV trends that indicate the presence of an outer companion beyond 5AU. We combine our RV observations with AO imaging to determine the range of allowed masses and orbital separations for these companions, and account for variations in our sensitivity to companions among stars in our sample. We estimate the total occurrence rate of companions in our sample to be 52+/-5% over the range 1-20M_Jup_ and 5-20AU. Our data also suggest a declining frequency for gas giant planets in these systems beyond 3-10AU, in contrast to earlier studies that found a rising frequency for giant planets in the range 0.01-3AU. This suggests either that the frequency of gas giant planets peaks between 3 and 10 AU, or that outer companions in these systems have a different semi-major axis distribution than the overall population of gas giant planets. Our results also suggest that hot gas giants may be more likely to have an outer companion than cold gas giants. We find that planets with an outer companion have higher average eccentricities than their single counterparts, suggesting that dynamical interactions between planets may play an important role in these systems.2016ApJ...821...89Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/821/89CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/806/60 : Radial velocities of 70 Vir (HD117176) (Kane+, 2015)J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)J/A+A/558/A106 : Chemical abundances for 83 transit hosts (Mortier+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)J/ApJ/761/46 : HD 37605 radial velocities and photometry (Wang+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/18 : RVs for 16 hot Jupiter host stars (Albrecht+, 2012)J/A+A/545/A55 : Exoplanets. Radial velocities of 5 stars (Boisse+, 2012)J/A+A/538/A113 : Exoplanets. Radial velocities of eight stars (Diaz+ 2012)J/A+A/535/A54 : HARPS search for extra-solar planets. XXIX (Segransan+, 2011)J/A+A/534/A58 : HD20794, HD85512, HD192310 HARPS RVs (Pepe+, 2011)J/PASP/123/412 : Exoplanet Orbit Database (Wright+, 2011)J/A+A/527/A63 : RVs of 7 new HARPS planetary systems (Moutou+, 2011)J/ApJ/727/117 : RVs of four exoplanet candidates (Meschiari+, 2011)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/A+A/511/A54 : Magnetic cycles & radial-velocity for 8 stars (Santos+, 2010)J/A+A/503/601 : HD 17156 transit photometry + radial vel. (Barbieri+, 2009)J/ApJS/182/97 : Radial velocities of multi-planet systems (Wittenmyer+, 2009)J/A+A/498/L5 : Photometry and spectroscopy of HD 80606b (Moutou+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/62 : Survey of young solar analogs (Metchev+, 2009)J/ApJ/693/1084 : Ten new and updated multiplanet systems (Wright+, 2009)J/A+A/493/645 : Gl 176 radial velocities (Forveille+, 2009)J/ApJS/168/297 : Stellar parameters of nearby cool stars (Takeda+, 2007)J/ApJ/646/523 : Exoplanet systems with stellar companions (Raghavan+, 2006)J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/A+A/430/165 : Radial velocities for 6691 K and M giants (Famaey+, 2005)J/A+A/415/391 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets. XII (Mayor+, 2004)J/A+A/410/1039 : Northern extra-solar planets ELODIE survey I (Perrier+, 2003)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/89https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/89http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/89https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/89https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/89http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/89GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/821/89/table2 (Radial velocity observations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/89/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/89/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/89/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true240.261090633.30350920.0055555555555555566/311 679 748 2110 2497 3876 4136 4285 4429 5067 5488 5572 5667 6006 6760 6791 6821 6831 7240 7746 8357 8478 8785 9403 9662 10079 10278 11589 12306 12644 12899 12983 14412 14416 14419 14466 14525 14548 15174 16627 16652 17266 17341 17496 17730 18028 18172 18441 18614 18666 18821 18953 19669 19815 19904 19912 20145 21003 21223 21406 21838 21906 22036 22252 22878 23013 23030 23322 23363 23681 24019 24227 24831 25446 25875 25939 26183 26242 26575 26707 26938 26978 26997 27018 27060 27088 27164 27220 27682 28085 28130 28400 28763 29513 29541 30015 30278 30378 30419 30526 30707 31494 31606 31860 32491 32501 32509 32561 34773 36506 38545 39646 40513 43677 43813 43911 44243 44379 44398 48108 48109 48402 48652https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/821/89?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/821/89/table4RVs for systems with new planets: HD 156279, HD 33142, GJ 317, HD 90589, HD 4203, HD 99706, HD 102329, HD 116029recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSystem identifiermeta.id;pos.framecharJDJulian Date of the observation; JD-2440000dtime.epochfloatRVel[-726/534] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[0.7/6.6] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatJ/ApJ/821/89/table2Radial velocity observationsDur[1833/6788] Durationdtime.durationintIDSystem identifiermeta.id;pos.frame;meta.mainprimaryJitter[-7.2/33] Jitterm/sstat.errorfloatDate2End date of observationtime.end;obsnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintn_ID[n] n: systems with new planets (with RV measurements in table 4)meta.notecharf_ID[c] c: Systems with 3{sigma} trends and abovemeta.codecharNobs[12/219] Number of observationsmeta.numberintDate1Start date of observationtime.start;obsnullableTrend[-8.8/470] Trendm.s**-1.yr**-1stat.fit.paramdoublee_Trend[0/6] Negative uncertainty on Trendm.s**-1.yr**-1stat.errorfloatE_Trend[0/6] Positive uncertainty on Trendm.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloatf_Trend[ab] Flag on Trend (1)meta.codechare_Jitter[0.003/3] Negative uncertainty on Jitterm/sstat.errorfloatE_Jitter[0.003/15] Positive uncertainty on Jitterm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatRefOrbital solution reference code (see refs.dat file)stat.fit;pos.framecharRVInteractive plot of radial velocitiesmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/821/89/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.note;meta.maincharprimaryAuthFirst author's namemeta.bib.authorcharBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharCommComment (VizieR catalog's reference)meta.id;meta.mainchar