J/ApJ/821/47ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/821/47doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18210047CDSBrakensiek J.Ragozzine D.2018-01-05T08:55:43Z2016-07-22T12:19:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsolar-system-planetsastronomical-modelsNASA's Kepler Space Telescope has successfully discovered thousands of exoplanet candidates using the transit method, including hundreds of stars with multiple transiting planets. In order to estimate the frequency of these valuable systems, it is essential to account for the unique geometric probabilities of detecting multiple transiting extrasolar planets around the same parent star. In order to improve on previous studies that used numerical methods, we have constructed an efficient, semi-analytical algorithm called the Computed Occurrence of Revolving Bodies for the Investigation of Transiting Systems (CORBITS), which, given a collection of conjectured exoplanets orbiting a star, computes the probability that any particular group of exoplanets can be observed to transit. The algorithm applies theorems of elementary differential geometry to compute the areas bounded by circular curves on the surface of a sphere. The implemented algorithm is more accurate and orders of magnitude faster than previous algorithms, based on comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations. We use CORBITS to show that the present solar system would only show a maximum of three transiting planets, but that this varies over time due to dynamical evolution. We also used CORBITS to geometrically debias the period ratio and mutual Hill sphere distributions of Kepler's multi-transiting planet candidates, which results in shifting these distributions toward slightly larger values. In an Appendix, we present additional semi-analytical methods for determining the frequency of exoplanet mutual events, i.e., the geometric probability that two planets will transit each other (planet-planet occultation, relevant to transiting circumbinary planets) and the probability that this transit occurs simultaneously as they transit their star.2016ApJ...821...47Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/821/47CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates for KOIs (Burke+, 2015)J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)J/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)J/ApJS/207/35 : Kepler pipeline signal-to-noise studies (Christiansen+, 2013)J/ApJ/770/69 : Kepler planet candidates radii (Petigura+, 2013)J/ApJ/763/41 : Kepler multiple-candidate systems radii (Ciardi+, 2013)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's candidate mult. transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/ApJ/709/168 : Eccentric orbits in exoplanets (Anglada-Escude+, 2010)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/821/47https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/821/47GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/821/47/table2 (KOI transit probabilities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/47/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/47/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/821/47/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.385983341.99026940.0055555555555555565/3690 3733 3734 3780 3782 3785 6/14573 14579 14580 14582 14585 14586 14587 14590 14591 14731 14733 14734 14735 14744 14751 14753 14754 14755 14756 14757 14758 14764 14765 14767 14769 14770 14772 14774 14775 14778 14780 14781 14782 14794 14816 14818 14819 14824 14826 14828 14921 14923 14925 14929 14930 14931 14941 14942 14943 14948 14950 14952 14953 14958 14959 14960 14962 14963 14964 14966 14969 14970 14971 14972 14973 14975 15041 15060 15104 15105 15107 15108 15110 15112 15115 15116 15118 15119 15125 15126 15127 15134 15136 15137 15139 15145 15146 15147 15148 15149 15154 15156 15157 15158 15160 15168 15170 15171 15172 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/821/47?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/821/47/table2KOI transit probabilitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharN[2/6] Number of planetsmeta.numberintPPer1[0.7/4333] First planetary perioddtime.periodfloatPPer2[2.4/10760] Second planetary perioddtime.perioddoublePPer3[4.2/30800]? Third planetary perioddtime.perioddoublenullablePPer4[5.4/60191]? Fourth planetary perioddtime.perioddoublenullablePPer5[7.2/268]? Fifth planetary perioddtime.periodfloatnullablePPer6[118.38]? Sixth planetary perioddtime.periodfloatnullablei0[0.00019/0.09] Probability at mean mutual inc=0degrees (1)stat.fit.goodnessdoublei1Probability at mean mutual inc=1degrees (1)stat.fit.goodnessdoublei2Probability at mean mutual inc=2degrees (1)stat.fit.goodnessdoublei10[0/0.051] Probability at mean mutual inc=10degrees (1)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable