J/ApJ/820/117ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/820/117doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18200117CDSForstel M.Maksyutenko P.Jones B.M.Sun B.J.Lee H.C.Chang A.H.H.,Kaiser R.I.2017-01-23T22:00:00Z2016-07-06T13:23:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fratomic-physicsinterstellar-mediumWe report on the formation of organic amide polymers via carbonyl-amino group linkages in carbon monoxide and ammonia bearing energetically processed ices of astrophysical relevance. The first group comprises molecules with one carboxyl group and an increasing number of amine moieties starting with formamide (45 u), urea (60 u), and hydrazine carboxamide (75 u). The second group consists of species with two carboxyl (58 u) and up to three amine groups (73 u, 88 u, and 103 u). The formation and polymerization of these linkages from simple inorganic molecules via formamide und urea toward amide polymers is discussed in an astrophysical and astrobiological context. Our results show that long chain molecules, which are closely related to polypeptides, easily form by energetically processing simple, inorganic ices at very low temperatures and can be released into the gas phase by sublimation of the ices in star-forming regions. Our experimental results were obtained by employing reflectron time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, coupled with soft, single photon vacuum ultraviolet photoionization; they are complemented by theoretical calculations.2016ApJ...820..117Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/820/117CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/448/1704 : ExoMol line lists for formaldehyde H_2_CO (Al-Refaie+, 2015)J/ApJ/783/77 : Transition line list for interstellar urea (Remijan+, 2014)J/A+A/549/A128 : Singly deuterated isotopologues of formamide (Kutsenko+, 2013)J/A+A/548/A71 : Spectroscopy and ISM detection of formamide (Motiyenko+, 2012)J/ApJ/717/674 : Ionization energies of CnN(n=4-12) (Kostko+, 2010)J/A+A/493/687 : Rotational excitation of formaldehyde by H2 (Faure+, 2009)J/ApJ/678/985 : c2d Spitzer survey of interstellar ices. I. (Boogert+, 2008)J/ApJS/86/713 : IR spectroscopy of ices (Hudgins+, 1993)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/820/117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/820/117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/820/117https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/820/117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/820/117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/820/117GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/ApJ/820/117/table5Calculated infrared band positions and intensities of the molecules under discussionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMolMolecular identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharNModeNormal mode ({nu}_1_ to {nu}_30_)phys.atmolFreq[23.3/3718.5] Frequencycm**-1em.freqdoubleIRInt[0/27947.5] Infrared intensityspect.line.intensitydoubleJ/ApJ/820/117/table4Geometries underlying the calculated energies shown in table 3recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMolMolecular identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharAtom[CHNO] Atom identifierphys.atmol.ionStagecharX[-3.66/3.57] The X value in Angstroms0.1nmphys.atmoldoubleY[-2.79/2.83] The Y value in Angstroms0.1nmphys.atmoldoubleZ[-3.25/3.25] The Z value in Angstroms0.1nmphys.atmoldoubleJ/ApJ/820/117/table3Calculated minimum energy structures and energies of the molecules under discussionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMolMolecular identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharf_Mol[e] e: Geometry optimization by MP2/cc-pVTZmeta.codecharMass[30/103] Molecular mass (in u)phys.atmolintUB3LYP[-394/-114.1] B3LYP/cc-pVTZ energy with zero-point energy correction in hartree (1)phys.atmoldoubleZPE[0.023/0.091] Zero-point energy by B3LYP/cc-pVTZ in hartree (1)phys.atmoldoubleCCSD(T)[-393.4/-113.9] CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ energy (1)phys.atmoldoubleCCSD(T)/CBS[-393.6/-113.9] CCSD(T)/CBS energy (1)phys.atmoldoubleIP1[0/10.8] Relative ionization potential by CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ with B3LYP/cc-pVTZ zero-point energy correctioneVarith.factor;phys.energy;phys.atmol.ionizationfloatIP2[0/10.9] Relative ionization potential by CCSD(T)/CBS with B3LYP/cc-pVTZ zero-point energy correctioneVarith.factor;phys.energy;phys.atmol.ionizationfloat