J/ApJ/815/63ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/815/63doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18150063CDSAndrews J.J.Agueros M.A.Gianninas A.Kilic M.Dhital S.,Anderson S.F.2017-05-18T12:57:05Z2016-09-02T13:48:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frwhite-dwarf-starsmultiple-starsstellar-massesstellar-distanceeffective-temperaturevisible-astronomysloan-photometryWe present observational constraints on the initial-final mass relation (IFMR) using wide double white dwarfs (DWDs). We identify 65 new candidate wide DWDs within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, bringing the number of candidate wide DWDs to 142. We then engage in a spectroscopic follow-up campaign and collect existing spectra for these objects; using these spectra, we derive masses and cooling ages for 54 hydrogen (DA) WDs in DWDs. We also identify one new DA/DB pair, four candidate DA/DC pairs, four candidate DA/DAH pairs, and one new candidate triple degenerate system. Because wide DWDs are co-eval and evolve independently, the difference in the pre-WD lifetimes should equal the difference in the WD cooling ages. We use this to develop a Bayesian hierarchical framework and construct a likelihood function to determine the probability that any particular IFMR fits a sample of wide DWDs. We then define a parametric model for the IFMR and find the best parameters indicated by our sample of DWDs. We place robust constraints on the IFMR for initial masses of 2-4M_{sun}_. The WD masses produced by our model for stars within this mass range differ from those predicted by semi-empirical fits to open cluster WDs. Within this mass range, where there are few constraining open cluster WDs and disagreements in the cluster ages, wide DWDs may provide more reliable constraints on the IFMR. Expanding this method to the many wide DWDs expected to be discovered by Gaia may transform our understanding of the IFMR.2015ApJ...815...63Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/815/63CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)J/AJ/150/57 : SLoWPoKES-II catalog (Dhital+, 2015)J/MNRAS/446/4078 : New white dwarf stars in SDSS DR10 (Kepler+, 2015)J/A+A/565/A11 : Gaia photometry for white dwarfs (Carrasco+, 2014)J/ApJS/204/5 : SDSS DR7 white dwarf catalog (Kleinman+, 2013)J/MNRAS/433/3398 : SDSS white dwarf MS binaries (Rebassa-Mansergas+, 2013)J/ApJ/743/138 : Spectroscopic survey of bright white dwarfs (Gianninas+, 2011)J/MNRAS/417/1210 : DA-white dwarfs from SDSS and UKIDSS (Girven+, 2011)J/ApJ/730/67 : Radial velocities of low-mass white dwarfs (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJ/704/531 : The coevality of young binary systems (Kraus+, 2009)J/A+A/505/441 : UVES/VLT spectra of white dwarfs (Koester+, 2009)J/AJ/131/1674 : Close binary systems from SDSS DR4 (Silvestri+, 2006)J/AJ/131/582 : Cool white dwarfs in the SDSS (Kilic+, 2006)J/ApJS/161/394 : Low-luminosity companions to white dwarfs (Farihi+, 2005)J/ApJ/631/1100 : Atmospheric parameters of DA white dwarfs (Gianninas+, 2005)J/ApJS/156/47 : DA white dwarfs from the Palomar Green Survey (Liebert+, 2005)http://www.sdss3.org/ : SDSS-III home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/815/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/815/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/815/63https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/815/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/815/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/815/63GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/815/63/table1 (Properties of candidate and confirmed wide double white dwarfs (DWDs))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/815/63/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/815/63/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/815/63/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.0484583-3.14218890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/815/63/table3 (Fit results for the DA/DA double white dwarf spectroscopic sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/815/63/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/815/63/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/815/63/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true77.55634.64863890.0055555555555555566/299 304 569 2089 2154 2155 2297 2412 2910 3079 4221 4312 4481 4559 4841 5068 5385 5557 5655 5685 5951 6245 6346 6600 6637 6934 7168 7203 7742 7947 8406 8655 9504 9687 9935 10005 10025 10104 10263 10395 10418 10645 10869 10970 10990 11116 11217 11220 11232 11319 11585 11649 11812 11904 11942 12293 12344 12481 12706 13263 13322 13323 13416 13581 13799 14029 14055 14190 14335 14680 15738 16011 16158 17213 17395 17549 17587 17772 18073 18217 18304 18393 18527 18589 18633 18720 18787 19111 19152 19194 19408 19510 19705 19736 19827 19858 20008 20083 20201 20272 20457 21834 22345 22396 23013 23187 23227 24473 24737 25718 25886 25976 26165 26533 26611 26970 26973 27064 27068 27538 27594 27616 27855 27969 27975 27995 28006 28280 28461 28554 30043 30044 30440 31593 31882 32634 32781 33102 38625 41737 45175 48572 490163.588997330618193e-19 4.653515163505597e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/815/63?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/815/63/table1Properties of candidate and confirmed wide double white dwarfs (DWDs)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharSp[Y/N] Targeted for spectroscopy?meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDWDDouble White Dwarf Namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRmeta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000White Dwarf 1, Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000White Dwarf 1, Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRA2? White Dwarf 2, Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ranullableDE2? White Dwarf 2, Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.decnullablegmag1[13.9/21]? White Dwarf 1, SDSS g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag1[0/0.2]? Uncertainty in gmag1magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablegmag2[14.4/21.3]? White Dwarf 2, SDSS g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag2[0/0.3]? Uncertainty in gmag2magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablepmRA1[-288/239]? White Dwarf 1, Proper Motion in RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA1[1.5/6]? Uncertainty in pmRA1mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE1[-1788/165]? White Dwarf 1, Proper Motion in DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablee_pmDE1[1.5/6]? Uncertainty in pmDE1mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablepmRA2[-296/209]? White Dwarf 2, Proper Motion in RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA2[1.5/6]? Uncertainty in pmRA2mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE2[-1784/156]? White Dwarf 2, Proper Motion in DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablee_pmDE2[1.5/6]? Uncertainty in pmDE2mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullabletheta[1/97]? Angular separation {theta}arcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableRefReference(s) (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharDADisplay the fit results for this DA/DA double white dwarf spectroscopic sample (table 3)meta.ref.urlintnullablenDADisplay the fit results for this non-DA/DA double white dwarf spectroscopic sample (table7)meta.ref.urlintnullableDR9Display the SDSS-DR9 data (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012, Cat. V/139) within 1" of the two white dwarfsmeta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for the nearest object of the 1st white dwarfmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/815/63/table3Fit results for the DA/DA double white dwarf spectroscopic sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDWDDouble White Dwarf Name (G1)meta.id.part;meta.maincharm_DWDWhite Dwarf Component Name (G1)meta.code.multipcharf_DWD[bc] Object Flag (G2)meta.codecharQ[1/2] Fidelity: 1=High; 2=Lowmeta.code.qualintTelTelescope used for spectroscopy (G3)instr.setupcharN[4/6] Number of Fitted Balmer Linesmeta.numberintSNSignal/Noise of spectra in WD fit (G4)meta.notecharTeff[6680/47800] Fit derived Surface TemperatureKphys.temperatureinte_Teff[120/2930] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[7.3/9.1] Fit derived Log Surface Gravitylog(cm.s**-2)stat.weight;phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloate_logg[0.04/0.6] Uncertainty in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatDist[51/503] Fit derived Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricinte_Dist[2/77] Uncertainty in Distancepcstat.errorintMWD[0.3/1.3] Fit derived White Dwarf MasssolMassphys.massfloate_MWD[0.02/0.3] Uncertainty in MWDsolMassstat.errorfloattauc[2/3646] Cooling Age {tau}c in MyrMyrtime.ageintl_e_taucUpper limit flag on e_taucmeta.code.errorchare_tauc[1/968] Uncertainty in {tau}cMyrstat.errorint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/815/63/table4DA/DA DWDs used to constrain the initial-final mass relation (IFMR)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDWDDouble White Dwarf Name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharMWD1[0.5/1.3] White Dwarf 1 MasssolMassphys.massfloate_MWD1[0.02/0.08] Uncertainty in MWD1solMassstat.errorfloatMWD2[0.5/1] White Dwarf 2 MasssolMassphys.massfloate_MWD2[0.02/0.09] Uncertainty in MWD2solMassstat.errorfloattauc1[2/1670] White Dwarf 1, Cooling time {tau}c1Myrtime.epochintl_e_tauc1Upper limit flag on e_tauc1meta.code.errorchare_tauc1[1/320] Uncertainty in tauc1Myrstat.errorinttauc2[6/1720] White Dwarf 2, Cooling time {tau}c2Myrtime.epochintl_e_tauc2Upper limit flag on e_tauc2meta.code.errorchare_tauc2[1/350] Uncertainty in tauc2Myrstat.errorintDist[51/506] Distance (2)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricinttheta[2/49] Angular separationarcsecpos.angDistanceintSep[385/6080] Projected binary separationAUpos.distanceintJ/ApJ/815/63/table7Fit results for the non-DA/DA spectroscopic sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharTeff[6660/25200]? Fit derived Surface TemperatureKphys.temperatureintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDWDDouble White Dwarf Name (G1)meta.id.part;meta.maincharm_DWDWhite Dwarf Component Name (G1)meta.code.multipcharf_DWD[d-h] Object Flag (G2)meta.codecharSet[1-6] Category of systems with spectroscopy (1)meta.codecharTelTelescope used for spectroscopy (G3)instr.setupcharN[4/7]? Number of Fitted Balmer Linesmeta.numberintnullableTypeWD Typesrc.classcharSNSignal/Noise of spectra in WD fit (G4)meta.notechare_Teff[110/670]? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg[7.3/8.7]? Fit derived Log Surface Gravitylog(cm.s**-2)stat.weight;phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatnullablee_logg[0.03/0.9]? Uncertainty in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableDist[24/472]? Fit derived Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_Dist[1/55]? Uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorintnullableMWD[0.3/1.1]? Fit derived White Dwarf MasssolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_MWD[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in TeffsolMassstat.errorfloatnullabletauc[93/3342]? Cooling Age {tau}c in MyrMyrtime.ageintnullablee_tauc[10/1090]? Uncertainty in taucMyrstat.errorintnullable