J/ApJ/812/34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/812/34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18120034CDSLiu C.Peng E.W.Cote P.Ferrarese L.Jordan A.Mihos J.C.,Zhang H.-X.Munoz R.P.Puzia T.H.Lancon A.Gwyn S.Cuillandre J.-C.,Blakeslee J.P.Boselli A.Durrell P.R.Duc P.-A.Guhathakurta P.,MacArthur L.A.Mei S.Sanchez-Janssen R.Xu H.2022-01-14T08:28:26Z2017-10-09T13:46:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clusterstwo-color-diagramsextinctioninfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryradial-velocitygalaxiesphotometryWe use imaging from the Next Generation Virgo cluster Survey (NGVS) to present a comparative study of ultra-compact dwarf (UCD) galaxies associated with three prominent Virgo sub-clusters: those centered on the massive red-sequence galaxies M87, M49, and M60. We show how UCDs can be selected with high completeness using a combination of half-light radius and location in color-color diagrams (u*iK_s_ or u*gz). Although the central galaxies in each of these sub-clusters have nearly identical luminosities and stellar masses, we find large differences in the sizes of their UCD populations, with M87 containing ~3.5 and 7.8 times more UCDs than M49 and M60, respectively. The relative abundance of UCDs in the three regions scales in proportion to sub-cluster mass, as traced by X-ray gas mass, total gravitating mass, number of globular clusters (GCs), and number of nearby galaxies. We find that the UCDs are predominantly blue in color, with ~85% of the UCDs having colors similar to blue GCs and stellar nuclei of dwarf galaxies. We present evidence that UCDs surrounding M87 and M49 may follow a morphological sequence ordered by the prominence of their outer, low surface brightness envelope, ultimately merging with the sequence of nucleated low-mass galaxies, and that envelope prominence correlates with distance from either galaxy. Our analysis provides evidence that tidal stripping of nucleated galaxies is an important process in the formation of UCDs.2015ApJ...812...34Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/812/34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/613/279 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. III. M87 (Jordan+, 2004)J/ApJS/197/33 : The M87 globular cluster system (Strader+, 2011)J/ApJ/802/30 : NGVS VI. Ultra-compact dwarfs in M87 (Zhang+, 2015)J/ApJ/819/162 : Chandra obs. of ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs)J/ApJS/227/12 : NGVS XXV. Virgo globular clusters photometry (Powalka+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/812/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/812/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/812/34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/812/34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/812/34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/812/34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/812/34/table2 (Photometric Properties of UCD Candidates in the M87 Region)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true186.596688212.32367280.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/812/34/table4 (Photometric Properties of UCD Candidates in the M49 Region)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true186.78726077.70786390.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/812/34/table6 (Photometric Properties of UCD Candidates in the M60 Region)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/812/34/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true189.788832911.36331750.0055555555555555565/6941 6976 6/26351 27716-27717 27719 27728 27730 27736 27743 27773 27912-27913 27936 27938https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/812/34?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/812/34/table2Photometric Properties of UCD Candidates in the M87 RegionSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/127] Object identification numbermeta.idintNGVSObject name in NGVS (NGVS JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainE(B-V)Galactic extinction (Schlegel et al. 1998ApJ...500..525S)magphot.color.excessfloatgmagAperture-corrected g-band magnitude within a 3-arcsec diameter aperturemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagUncertainty in gmag (1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatu*-gu*-g color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloate_u*-gUncertainty in u*-g (2)magstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatg-r? g-r color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_g-r? Uncertainty in g-r (2)magstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.Bfloatnullableg-ig-i color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Ifloate_g-iUncertainty in g-i (2)magstat.errorfloatg-zg-z color index (2)magphot.colorfloate_g-zUncertainty in g-z (2)magstat.errorfloatg-Ks? g-K_s_ color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt;em.IRfloatnullablee_g-Ks? Uncertainty in g-Ks (2)magstat.errorfloatnullableDeltaenvEnvelope parameter defined in Equation (8) (3)magstat.fit.paramfloatUCD[0/1] Object flag (G1)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/812/34/table3Structural Properties and Redshift Information for UCD Candidates in the M87 RegionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/127] Object identification numbermeta.idintNGVSObject name in NGVS (NGVS JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainchargmagKing model magnitude in g-bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagUncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatimagKing model magnitude in i-bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imagUncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatrh-gHalf-light radius in g-bandpcphys.size.radiusfloate_rh-gUncertainty in rh-gpcstat.errorfloatrh-iHalf-light radius in i-bandpcphys.size.radiusfloate_rh-iUncertainty in rh-ipcstat.errorfloatrhACS? Half-light radius measured using HST imaging (Hasegan et al. 2005ApJ...627..203H)pcphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_rhACS? Uncertainty in rhACSpcstat.errorfloatnullablerhS11? Half-light radius from Strader et al. (2011, J/ApJS/197/33)pcphys.size.radiusfloatnullableRVS11? Radial velocity from Strader et al. (2011, J/ApJS/197/33)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableRVMMT? Radial velocity from MMT/Hectospeckm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableRVAAT? Radial velocity from 2dF/AAOmega AAT program (Zhang et al. 2015, J/ApJ/802/30)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableRVSDSS? Radial velocity from SDSS (York et al. 2000AJ....120.1579Y)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableClass[1/4] Class parameter (1)src.classintu*iKs? [0/1] Whether the object was selected in the u*iKs color-color diagram or not (0=no, 1=yes)meta.codeintnullableu*gz[0/1] Whether the object was selected in the u*gz color-color diagram or not (0=no, 1=yes)meta.codeintUCD[0/1] Object flag (G1)meta.codecharOtherOther name, if availablemeta.idcharn_Other[a] Note on Other (2)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/812/34/table4Photometric Properties of UCD Candidates in the M49 RegionSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/127] Object identification numbermeta.idintNGVSObject name in NGVS (NGVS JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainE(B-V)Galactic extinction (Schlegel et al. 1998ApJ...500..525S)magphot.color.excessfloatgmagAperture-corrected g-band magnitude within a 3-arcsec diameter aperturemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagUncertainty in gmag (1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatu*-gu*-g color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloate_u*-gUncertainty in u*-g (2)magstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatg-ig-i color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Ifloate_g-iUncertainty in g-i (2)magstat.errorfloatg-zg-z color index (2)magphot.colorfloate_g-zUncertainty in g-z (2)magstat.errorfloatDeltaenvEnvelope parameter defined in Equation (8) (3)magstat.fit.paramfloatUCD[0/1] Object flag (G1)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/812/34/table5Structural Properties and Redshift Information for UCD Candidates in the M49 RegionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/127] Object identification numbermeta.idintNGVSObject name in NGVS (NGVS JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainchargmagKing model magnitude in g-bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagUncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatimagKing model magnitude in i-bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imagUncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatrh-gHalf-light radius in g-bandpcphys.size.radiusfloate_rh-gUncertainty in rh-gpcstat.errorfloatrh-iHalf-light radius in i-bandpcphys.size.radiusfloate_rh-iUncertainty in rh-ipcstat.errorfloatRVMMT? Radial velocity from MMT/Hectospeckm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableClass[1/4] Class parameter (1)src.classintu*gz[0/1] Whether the object was selected in the u*gz color-color diagram or not (0=no, 1=yes)meta.codeintUCD[0/1] Object flag (G1)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/812/34/table6Photometric Properties of UCD Candidates in the M60 RegionSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/127] Object identification numbermeta.idintNGVSObject name in NGVS (NGVS JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainE(B-V)Galactic extinction (Schlegel et al. 1998ApJ...500..525S)magphot.color.excessfloatgmagAperture-corrected g-band magnitude within a 3-arcsec diameter aperturemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagUncertainty in gmag (1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatu*-gu*-g color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloate_u*-gUncertainty in u*-g (2)magstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatg-ig-i color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Ifloate_g-iUncertainty in g-i (2)magstat.errorfloatg-zg-z color index (2)magphot.colorfloate_g-zUncertainty in g-z (2)magstat.errorfloatDeltaenvEnvelope parameter defined in Equation (8) (3)magstat.fit.paramfloatUCD[0/1] Object flag (G1)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/812/34/table7Structural Properties and Redshift Information for UCD Candidates in the M60 RegionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/127] Object identification numbermeta.idintNGVSObject name in NGVS (NGVS JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainchargmagKing model magnitude in g-bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagUncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatimagKing model magnitude in i-bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imagUncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatrh-gHalf-light radius in g-bandpcphys.size.radiusfloate_rh-gUncertainty in rh-gpcstat.errorfloatrh-iHalf-light radius in i-bandpcphys.size.radiusfloate_rh-iUncertainty in rh-ipcstat.errorfloatRVAAT? Radial velocity from 2dF/AAOmega AAT program (Zhang et al. 2015, J/ApJ/802/30)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableClass[1/4] Class parameter (1)src.classintu*gz[0/1] Whether the object was selected in the u*gz color-color diagram or not (0=no, 1=yes)meta.codeintUCD[0/1] Object flag (G1)meta.codechar