J/ApJ/811/117ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/811/117doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18110117CDSStrotjohann N.L.Ofek E.O.Gal-Yam A.Sullivan M.Kulkarni S.R.,Shaviv N.J.Fremling C.Kasliwal M.M.Nugent P.E.Cao Y.Arcavi I.,Sollerman J.Filippenko A.V.Yaron O.Laher R.Surace J.2017-10-18T08:24:16Z2016-02-03T12:59:42ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometryredshiftedThe progenitor stars of several Type IIb supernovae (SNe) show indications of extended hydrogen envelopes. These envelopes might be the outcome of luminous energetic pre-explosion events, so-called precursor eruptions. We use the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) pre-explosion observations of a sample of 27 nearby SNe IIb to look for such precursors during the final years prior to the SN explosion. No precursors are found when combining the observations in 15-day bins, and we calculate the absolute-magnitude-dependent upper limit on the precursor rate. At the 90% confidence level, SNe IIb have on average <0.86 precursors as bright as an absolute R-band magnitude of -14 in the final 3.5 years before the explosion and <0.56 events over the final year. In contrast, precursors among SNe IIn have a >~5 times higher rate. The kinetic energy required to unbind a low-mass stellar envelope is comparable to the radiated energy of a few-weeks-long precursor that would be detectable for the closest SNe in our sample. Therefore, mass ejections, if they are common in such SNe, are radiatively inefficient or have durations longer than months. Indeed, when using 60-day bins, a faint precursor candidate is detected prior to SN 2012cs (~2% false-alarm probability). We also report the detection of the progenitor of SN 2011dh that does not show detectable variability over the final two years before the explosion. The suggested progenitor of SN 2012P is still present, and hence is likely a compact star cluster or an unrelated object.2015ApJ...811..117Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/811/117CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/313 : Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) photometric catalog 1.0 (Ofek+, 2012)J/A+A/580/A142 : SN 2011dh. The first two years (Ergon+, 2015)J/A+A/562/A17 : SN 2011dh - The first 100 days (Ergon+, 2014)J/other/Nat/494.65 : SN 2010mc outburst before explosion (Ofek+, 2013)J/ApJ/778/L19 : SN 2011dh (type IIb) 3.6 & 4.5um light curves (Helou+, 2013)J/other/PZ/32.6 : UBVRI light curves of SN 2011dh (Tsvetkov+, 2012)J/ApJ/742/L18 : Follow-up photometry of the SN IIb PTF 11eon (Arcavi+, 2011)J/other/PZ/29.2 : SN 2008ax UBVRI light curves (Tsvetkov+, 2009)J/ApJ/696/870 : Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) (Drake+, 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/811/117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/811/117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/811/117https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/811/117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/811/117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/811/117GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/811/117/table1 (Supernova sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/811/117/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/811/117/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/811/117/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true347.14470518.937131110.0055555555555555566/539 543 2261 7234 7766 8195 8754 9620 10189 10544 10574 11027 11693 13570 17525 19201 19526 19979 19991 20009 20116 26806 27803 27913 28529 28538 36729https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/811/117?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/811/117/table1Supernova samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintl_Name[l] l: SN added to our sample from the literaturemeta.code.errorcharNameSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryPTFOther PTF namemeta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz[0.0016/0.05] SN redshift obtained from spectroscopysrc.redshiftdoubleDM[29.4/36.8] Distance modulus (1)magphot.mag.distModfloatE(B-V)[0.01/0.2] Galactic extinction taken from Schlegel et al. (1998ApJ...500..525S)magphot.color.excessfloatRMag? Absolute R-band magnitude of the brightest detection (M_R,peak_)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablef_RMag[*] *: peak is not well observed and the SN might be considerably brightermeta.codechart0[55079/56713] MJD of the approximate explosion date (t_0_) (2)dtime.epochinttpk? MJD of the brightest detection (t_peak_) (3)dtime.epochintnullableFAP[0/0.97] False-alarm probability (4)stat.fit.goodnessfloatDPTwo peaks in the light curve? (5)meta.codecharl_tperLimit flag on tpermeta.code.errorchartperThe chosen reference period (6)dtime.epochintNobsNumber of R-band observationsmeta.numberintnullableNpNumber of control timesmeta.numberintnullableRefReference(s) (7)meta.ref;pos.framecharLCLight curvesmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/811/117/table2PTF observationsFlux[-2748/401896] Observed countsctphot.countdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharFilt[R] Filter used in the observation (R)instr.setup;obscharDelt[-1369/11.1] Time since approximate explosion date (G1)dtime.epochdoubleMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoublemag[12.9/85.3] Observed PTF magnitude in Filt (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_mag[-526/680]? Error in mag; blank for an "Inf" valuemagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableLimmag[17.5/22.1] The 3{sigma} limiting magnitudemagphot.magfloate_Flux[32/2030] Error in Fluxctstat.error;phot.fluxfloatJ/ApJ/811/117/table4Precursor search control timerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharDelt[-1367/-2.5] Mean time since approximate explosion date (G1)dtime.epoch;stat.meanfloatRmag[16.6/23.4] Apparent limiting PTF R band magnitude (1)magphot.magfloatRMag[-18.6/-6.9] Absolute limiting PTF R band magnitude (1)magphys.magAbs;em.opt.Rfloato_RmagNumber of measurements in Rmagmeta.numberint