J/ApJ/809/25ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/809/25doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18090025CDSMontet B.T.Morton T.D.Foreman-Mackey D.Johnson J.A.Hogg D.W.,Bowler B.P.Latham D.W.Bieryla A.Mann A.W.2017-11-03T14:06:48Z2017-10-02T12:01:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrystellar-massesstellar-radiimetallicityThe extended Kepler mission, K2, is now providing photometry of new fields every three months in a search for transiting planets. In a recent study, Foreman-Mackey and collaborators presented a list of 36 planet candidates orbiting 31 stars in K2 Campaign 1. In this contribution, we present stellar and planetary properties for all systems. We combine ground-based seeing-limited survey data and adaptive optics imaging with an automated transit analysis scheme to validate 21 candidates as planets, 17 for the first time, and identify 6 candidates as likely false positives. Of particular interest is K2-18 (EPIC 201912552), a bright (K=8.9) M2.8 dwarf hosting a 2.23+/-0.25 R_{earth}_ planet with T_eq_=272+/-15 K and an orbital period of 33 days. We also present two new open-source software packages which enable this analysis. The first, isochrones, is a flexible tool for fitting theoretical stellar models to observational data to determine stellar properties using a nested sampling scheme to capture the multimodal nature of the posterior distributions of the physical parameters of stars that may plausibly be evolved. The second is vespa, a new general-purpose procedure to calculate false positive probabilities and statistically validate transiting exoplanets.2015ApJ...809...25Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/809/25CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/322 : UCAC4 Catalogue (Zacharias+, 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/ApJ/738/170 : False positive Kepler planet candidates (Morton+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's candidate multiple transiting planetsJ/ApJ/783/4 : Properties of Kepler multi-planet candidate systemsJ/A+A/582/A33 : K2-19b light curve (Armstrong+, 2015)J/A+A/594/A100 : K2 new planetary and EB candidates (Barros+, 2016)J/AJ/152/18 : Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey. II.J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/809/25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/809/25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/809/25https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/809/25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/809/25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/809/25GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/809/25/table4 (Detected Companions to Candidate Host Stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true174.74898806-3.902146110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/809/25/table1 (*Photometry for All Objects of Interest)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true174.7456375-3.90558610.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/809/25/table2 (*Stellar Properties for All Objects of Interest)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/809/25/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true174.74563889-3.9055850.0055555555555555566/25592 26940 26944 26953 26959 26961 26969 26974 26975 26977 26986 26990 26991 26992 27001 27005 27025 27075 27076 27079 27080 27120 27657 27658 27680 27684 27690 27704 27777 27787 277881.1166583743361574e-19 4.920466254354166e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/809/25?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/809/25/table3*Planet Properties for All Objects of InterestrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet candidate name (EPIC NNNNNNNNN.NN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maindoubleOtherOther name (K2-NNa)meta.idcharn_Other[a] Note on Other (G1)meta.notecharPer? Perioddtime.perioddoublenullablee_Per? Uncertainty in Perdstat.errordoublenullableEpoch? Epoch (BJD-2456808)dtime.epochfloatnullablee_Epoch? Uncertainty in Epochdstat.error;time.epochfloatnullableRad? Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rad? Uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatnullablea/R*? Semi-major axis to stellar radius ratiophys.size.axisRatiofloatnullablee_a/R*? Uncertainty in a/R*stat.errorfloatnullablea? Semi-major axis in AUAUphys.angSize;srcfloatnullablee_a? Uncertainty in aAUstat.errorfloatnullableTeq? Equilibrium temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullablee_Teq? Uncertainty in TeqKstat.errorintnullableDispDisposition (Planet,Candidate,FP=False Positive)meta.codecharn_Disp[b] Note on Disp (1)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/809/25/table4Detected Companions to Candidate Host Starse_drmag? Uncertainty in drmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarPrimary star name (EPIC NNNNNNNNN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainlongAperAperture used to create the K2 stellar light curvearcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovfloatRAJ2000? Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableDetecDataset used to detect the imaged companionmeta.codecharSep? Separation (2)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablee_Sep? Uncertainty in Separcsecstat.errorfloatnullablen_Sep[hi] Note on Sep (3)meta.notechardrmag? Difference in r-band magnitude between the primary K2 target star and the companionmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablen_drmag[j] Note on drmag (4)meta.notecharDepth1? Observed "transit" depth (in parts per thousand, ppt) (5)src.var.amplitudefloatnullableDepthObserved transit depth in the K2 dataset (in parts per thousand, ppt) (6)src.var.amplitudefloatJ/ApJ/809/25/table5False Positive Probability Calculation ResultsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet candidate name (EPIC NNNNNNNNN.NN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maindoubleOtherOther name (K2-NNa)meta.idchardeltaMaximum depth of potential secondary eclipse signal (in parts per thousand, ppt)phot.mag;stat.minfloatAO[Y-] Adaptive optics observation presented in this paper ?meta.codecharl_PrEB[<] Limit flag on PrEBmeta.code.errorcharPrEB? Relative probability for this false positive scenario : undiluted eclipsing binarystat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablel_PrBEB[<] Limit flag on PrBEBmeta.code.errorcharPrBEB? Relative probability for this false positive scenario : chance-aligned background (/foreground) eclipsing binarystat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablel_PrHEB[<] Limit flag on PrHEBmeta.code.errorcharPrHEB? Relative probability for this false positive scenario : hierarchical triple eclipsing binarystat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablefp? Integrated planet occurrence rate (1)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablel_FPP[<] Limit flag on FPPmeta.code.errorcharFPP? False positive probability (2)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableDispDisposition (Planet,Candidate,FP=False Positive)meta.codecharn_Disp[defg] Note on Disp (3)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/809/25/table1*Photometry for All Objects of Intereste_Bmag? Uncertainty in Bmag (1)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar's name (EPIC NNNNNNNNN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainlongBmag? APASS DR6 B-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableVmag? APASS DR6 V-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag? Uncertainty in Vmag (1)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullablegmagAPASS DR6 g-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagUncertainty in gmag (1)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatrmagAPASS DR6 r-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_rmagUncertainty in rmag (1)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.RfloatimagAPASS DR6 i-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imagUncertainty in imag (1)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatJmag2MASS J-band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_JmagUncertainty in Jmag (2)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag2MASS H-band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_HmagUncertainty in Hmag (2)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKmag2MASS K-band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KmagUncertainty in Kmag (2)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatW1magAllWISE W1-band magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_W1magUncertainty in W1mag (3)magstat.error;phot.magfloatW2magAllWISE W2-band magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_W2magUncertainty in W2mag (3)magstat.error;phot.magfloatW3mag? AllWISE W3-band magnitude (3)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag? Uncertainty in W3mag (3)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableK2Display data from the K2 EPIC catalog (Huber+, 2016, J/ApJS/224/2)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/809/25/table2*Stellar Properties for All Objects of Interestn_Other[a] Note on Other (G1)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar's name (EPIC NNNNNNNNN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainlongOtherOther name (K2-NN)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainMassStellar masssolMassphys.massfloatE_MassUpper limit uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_MassLower limit uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatRadStellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_RadUpper limit uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_RadLower limit uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.errorfloatTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffUpper limit uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TeffLower limit uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveint[Fe/H]Stellar metallicity (in dex)phys.abund.ZfloatE_[Fe/H]Upper limit uncertainty in [Fe/H]stat.error;stat.maxfloate_[Fe/H]Lower limit uncertainty in [Fe/H]stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatDistDistancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintE_DistUpper limit uncertainty in Distpcstat.error;stat.maxinte_DistLower limit uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorint