J/ApJ/806/231ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/806/231doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18060231CDSHeiderman A.Evans II N.J.2017-01-23T22:00:00Z2015-11-19T11:36:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmolecular-cloudsyoung-stellar-objectssurveysmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyWe present an HCO^+^ J=3->2 survey of Class 0+I and Flat SED young stellar objects (YSOs) found in the Gould Belt clouds by surveys with Spitzer. Our goal is to provide a uniform Stage 0+I source indicator for these embedded protostar candidates. We made single point HCO^+^ J=3->2 measurements toward the source positions at the CSO and APEX of 546 YSOs (89% of the Class 0+I + Flat SED sample). Using the criteria from van Kempen et al. (2009, J/A+A/498/167), we classify sources as Stage 0+I or bona fide protostars and find that 84% of detected sources meet the criteria. We recommend a timescale for the evolution of Stage 0+I (embedded protostars) of 0.54Myr. We find significant correlations of HCO^+^ integrated intensity with {alpha} and T_bol_ but not with L_bol_. The detection fraction increases smoothly as a function of {alpha} and L_bol_, while decreasing smoothly with T_bol_. Using the Stage 0+I sources tightens the relation between protostars and high extinction regions of the cloud; 89% of Stage I sources lie in regions with A_V_>8mag. Class 0+I and Flat SED YSOs that are not detected in HCO^+^ have, on average, a factor of ~2 higher T_bol_ and a factor of ~5 lower L_bol_than YSOs with HCO^+^ detections. We find less YSO contamination, defined as the number of undetected YSOs divided by the total number surveyed, for sources with T_bol_<~600K and L_bol_>~1L_{sun}_. The contamination percentage is >90% at A_V_<4mag and decreases as A_V_ increases.2015ApJ...806..231Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/806/231CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/332 : c2d Spitzer final data release (DR4) (Evans+, 2003)J/AJ/145/94 : Protostar luminosities from Spitzer surveys (Dunham+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/133 : Auriga-California giant molecular cloud (Harvey+, 2013)J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJS/194/43 : YSOs candidates and knots in CrA cloud (Peterson+, 2011)J/ApJ/715/671 : X-ray and IR emission from YSOs (Wolk+, 2010)J/ApJ/723/1019 : Galactic SFR and gas surface densities (Heiderman+, 2010)J/ApJS/185/198 : The Cepheus flare observed with IRAC and MIPS (Kirk+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/A+A/498/167 : Embedded sources in L 1688 (van Kempen+, 2009)J/ApJS/179/249 : Low-luminosity embedded protostar population (Dunham+, 2008)J/ApJS/177/551 : Spitzer c2d survey of Lupus dark clouds (Merin+, 2008)J/ApJ/680/495 : Interstellar clouds in the Gould belt survey (Harvey+, 2008)J/ApJ/676/427 : MIPS and IRAC data on ChaII PMS stars (Alcala+, 2008)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/806/231https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/806/231http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/806/231https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/806/231https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/806/231http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/806/231GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/806/231/table5 (MIsidentified YSOs from SED FITS (MISFITS) survey properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/806/231/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/806/231/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/806/231/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true271.1855-4.61833890.0055555555555555566/857 858 859 860 862 881 1231 1242 1261 1263 1264 1266 1538 1539 1542 1613 1636 14029 14031 14040 14052 14053 15964 16129 16131 16191 16196 16197 29658 29659 29663 30251 30254 30255 30337 30340 30341 30343 30352 30354 30357 30358 30359 30361 30363 30364 30366 30821 36956 36957 41132 41513 42597 42611 42614 42615 42727 42736 42738 42760 42967 42970 42981 42982 42983 42989 42992 43000 44374 47742 47825 47828https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/806/231?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/806/231/table5MIsidentified YSOs from SED FITS (MISFITS) survey propertiesSt[NY] Protostar Flag (5)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCloudCloud Namemeta.id.parentcharNameSource Name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainalpha[-1.6/4.9]? Extinction corrected spectral index (1)spect.indexfloatnullablel_MBdV1? Upper limit flag on MBdV1 (2)meta.code.errorcharMBdV1[0/30.3]? Integrated main beam HCO+ line intensityK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radio;meta.mainfloatnullablee_MBdV1[0.02/2.1]? Uncertainty in MBdV1K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullableMBdV2[0/13.2]? Integrated main beam HCO+ line intensity for second source component (3)K.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radio;meta.mainfloatnullablee_MBdV2[0.06/2.8]? Uncertainty in MBdV2 (3)K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullableV1[-8.2/11]? Central line velocity at source positionkm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_V1[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in V1km/sstat.errorfloatnullabledV1[0.1/5.3]? Width of V1 linekm/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablee_dV1[0.02/0.8]? Uncertainty in dV1km/sstat.errorfloatnullableV2[-3.3/12.6]? Central line velocity of second source component (3)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_V2[0/2.2]? Uncertainty in V2 (3)km/sstat.errorfloatnullabledV2[0.5/12.3]? Width of V2 line (3)km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablee_dV2[0.02/3.3]? Uncertainty in dV2 (3)km/sstat.errorfloatnullableAv[0.7/37.6]? Extinction at source positionmagphys.absorptionfloatnullableSmm[NY] Submillimeter Flag (4)meta.codecharSCatSources within 1" from Dunham+, 2013, J/AJ/145/94 and Heiderman+, 2010, J/ApJ/723/1019meta.ref.urlintnullablec2dSources within 1" from c2d Spitzer DR4 (II/332)meta.ref.urlintnullable