J/ApJ/805/9ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/805/9doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18050009CDSOrtiz-Leon G.N.Loinard L.Mioduszewski A.J.Dzib S.A.Rodriguez L.F.,Pech G.Rivera J.L.Torres R.M.Boden A.F.Hartmann L.Evans Ii N.J.,Briceno C.Tobin J.Kounkel M.A.Gonzalez-lopezlira R.A.2018-01-05T08:56:03Z2015-10-07T14:04:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-continuum-emissionastronomical-object-identificationinfrared-sourcesx-ray-sourcesyoung-stellar-objectsstellar-spectral-typesWe present deep (~17{mu}Jy) radio continuum observations of the Serpens molecular cloud, the Serpens south cluster, and the W40 region obtained using the Very Large Array in its A configuration. We detect a total of 146 sources, 29 of which are young stellar objects (YSOs), 2 of which are BV stars, and 5 more of which are associated with phenomena related to YSOs. Based on their radio variability and spectral index, we propose that about 16 of the remaining 110 unclassified sources are also YSOs. For approximately 65% of the known YSOs detected here as radio sources, the emission is most likely non-thermal and related to stellar coronal activity. As also recently observed in Ophiuchus, our sample of YSOs with X-ray counterparts lies below the fiducial Guedel & Benz (1993ApJ...405L..63G) relation. Finally, we analyze the proper motions of nine sources in the W40 region. This allows us to better constrain the membership of the radio sources in the region.2015ApJ...805....9Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/805/9CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/244 : Atlas and Catalog of Dark Clouds (Dobashi+, 2005)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)J/AJ/149/103 : Spectroscopy of candidate YSOs in Serpens (Erickson+, 2015)J/ApJ/775/63 : Gould's Belt VLA Survey. I. Ophiuchus complex (Dzib+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/128 : Spitzer/IRS disk parameters in Serpens (Oliveira+, 2013)J/AJ/145/94 : Luminosities of protostars from Spitzer (Dunham+, 2013)J/MNRAS/421/3257 : MHO catalogue for Serpens and Aquila (Ioannidis+, 2012)J/ApJ/725/2485 : X-rays from the star-forming complex W40 (Kuhn+, 2010)J/AJ/140/968 : A cluster of compact radio sources in W40 (Rodriguez+, 2010)J/AJ/140/266 : NGC 1333 X-ray luminous YSOs properties (Winston+, 2010)J/ApJ/714/778 : YSOs in the Serpens Molecular Cloud (Oliveira+, 2010)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)J/ApJ/691/672 : Spectrocopy of YSOs in Serpens MoC (Oliveira+ 2009)J/ApJ/689/108 : MASIV survey. II. First four epochs (Lovell+, 2008)J/ApJS/179/249 : Low-luminosity embedded protostar population (Dunham+, 2008)J/ApJ/669/493 : Spitzer/Chandra YSOs in Serpens cloud core (Winston+, 2007)J/ApJ/663/1149 : Spitzer survey of Serpens YSO population (Harvey+, 2007)J/A+A/463/275 : Chandra obs. of Serpens star-forming region (Giardino+, 2007)J/A+A/458/789 : ISOCAM survey of Serpens/G3-G6 (Djupvik+, 2006)J/A+A/421/623 : ISOCAM survey of YSOs in Serpens Cloud Core (Kaas+, 2004)J/A+A/330/990 : VRIJHK phot. of the Serpens cloud core (Giovannetti+ 1998)J/A+A/308/573 : Ammonia on YSOs IRAS sources (Molinari+ 1996)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/805/9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/805/9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/805/9https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/805/9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/805/9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/805/9GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/805/9/table2 (Radio sources detected in Serpens)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/805/9/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/805/9/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/805/9/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true277.21129171.18408330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/805/9/table3 (Radio sources with known counterparts)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/805/9/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/805/9/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/805/9/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true277.213751.15238890.0055555555555555566/30341 30343 30366 303882.9817313066386044e-24 4.9695521777310075e-24https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/805/9?format=asciiRadioInfraredX-rayOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/805/9/table6Young stellar objects detected in the radio observationsSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegRegion identification (G1)meta.codecharGBS-VLARadio source name (JHHMMSS.SS+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharClassSED classification: Class I, II, III, Flat (YSO), HAeBe=Herbig AeBe star, P-HAeBe=proto-HAeBesrc.classcharf_Class[d] HAeBe candidate (1)meta.codecharr_ClassClass reference(s) (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharVar?[YNE] High variability (2)meta.codecharalph?[PFN] Positive, Flat, or Negative index (3)meta.codecharX?[YN] X-ray flux reported in literature?meta.codecharJ/ApJ/805/9/table2Radio sources detected in Serpensl_v7.5Limit flag on v7.5meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegRegion identification (G1)meta.codecharYSO1 if YSO detected (table 6)meta.ref.urlintnullableGBS-VLARadio source name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNew[Y/N] New detection? (3)meta.codecharf_S4.5[*] Low flux source (2)meta.codecharl_S4.5[<] Limit flag on S4.5meta.code.errorcharS4.5[0.03/32.1] 4.5GHz flux density (4)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloate_S4.5[0.01/5.6]? S4.5 uncertainty (5)mJystat.errorfloatnullablel_v4.5[>] Limit flag on v4.5meta.code.errorcharv4.5[2/96]? 4.5GHz variability%src.var.indexintnullablee_v4.5[1/35]? v4.5 uncertainty%stat.errorintnullablef_v4.5[Ae] v4.5 (6)meta.codecharl_S7.5Limit flag on S7.5meta.code.errorcharS7.5[0.04/11.5]? 7.5GHz flux density (4)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_S7.5[0.02/1.2]? S7.5 uncertainty (5)mJystat.errorfloatnullablev7.5[0/97]? 7.5GHz variability%src.var.indexintnullablee_v7.5[5/52]? v7.5 uncertainty%stat.errorintnullablef_v7.5[Ae] Flag on v7.5 (6)meta.codecharl_alphaLimit fag on alphameta.code.error;pos.eq.racharalpha[-4.8/2.1]? Radio spectral index {alpha} (7)spect.index;em.radiofloatnullablee_alpha[0.1/0.7]? alpha uncertaintystat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullableYc[c] c:Young stellar object candidate based just on radio properties (column added by CDS based on Table 5)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from GBS-VLA names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from GBS-VLA names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/805/9/table3Radio sources with known counterpartsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharRadioRadio name (3)meta.id.crosscharTypeObject typesrc.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegRegion identification (G1)meta.codecharGBS-VLARadio source name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharONameOther namemeta.idcharXIDX-ray name (1)meta.id.crosscharSST?[Y ] IR Spitzer detection? (2)meta.codechar2M?[Y ] IR 2MASS detection? (2)meta.codecharWISE?[Y ] IR WISE detection? (2)meta.codechar_RAPositions from GBS-VLA names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from GBS-VLA names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main