J/ApJ/801/3ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/801/3doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18010003CDSMazeh T.Perets H.B.McQuillan A.Goldstein E.S.2018-01-02T13:42:44Z2015-08-06T11:10:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsThe observed amplitude of the rotational photometric modulation of a star with spots should depend on the inclination of its rotational axis relative to our line of sight. Therefore, the distribution of observed rotational amplitudes of a large sample of stars depends on the distribution of their projected axes of rotation. Thus, comparison of the stellar rotational amplitudes of the Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) with those of Kepler single stars can provide a measure to indirectly infer the properties of the spin-orbit obliquity of Kepler planets. We apply this technique to the large samples of 993 KOIs and 33614 single Kepler stars in temperature range of 3500-6500K. We find with high significance that the amplitudes of cool KOIs are larger, on the order of 10%, than those of the single stars. In contrast, the amplitudes of hot KOIs are systematically lower. After correcting for an observational bias, we estimate that the amplitudes of the hot KOIs are smaller than the single stars by about the same factor of 10%. The border line between the relatively larger and smaller amplitudes, relative to the amplitudes of the single stars, occurs at about 6000K. Our results suggest that the cool stars have their planets aligned with their stellar rotation, while the planets around hot stars have large obliquities, consistent with the findings of Winn et al. (2010ApJ...718L.145W) and Albrecht et al. (2012, J/ApJ/757/18). We show that the low obliquity of the planets around cool stars extends up to at least 50 days, a feature that is not expected in the framework of a model that assumes the low obliquity is due to planet-star tidal realignment.2015ApJ...801....3Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/801/3CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/MNRAS/436/1883 : Properties of KOI host stars (Walkowicz+, 2013)J/A+A/560/A4 : Rotation periods of active Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2013)J/ApJ/775/L11 : Stellar rotation periods for KOIs (McQuillan+, 2013)J/A+A/557/L10 : Rotation periods of 12000 Kepler stars (Nielsen+, 2013)J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/ApJ/757/18 : RVs for 16 hot Jupiter host stars (Albrecht+, 2012)J/MNRAS/423/2966 : Low-mass stars spectroscopy in NGC 2516 (Jackson+, 2012)J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. 2165 eclipsing binaries (Slawson+, 2011)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/127 : Four transits of WASP-4b (Sanchis-Ojeda+, 2011)J/AJ/141/166 : HATNet variability survey of K and M dwarfs (Hartman+, 2011)J/AJ/141/83 : Eclipsing binaries in Kepler DR1 (Prsa+, 2011)J/A+A/527/L11 : HAT-P-6 radial velocity curve (Hebrard+, 2011)J/AJ/141/63 : Relative RVs of HAT-P-4 and HAT-P-14 (Winn+, 2011)J/A+A/524/A25 : Radial Velocities on 6 exoplanet host stars (Triaud+, 2010)J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archive home pagehttp://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/ : Kepler mission archive home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/801/3https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/801/3http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/801/3https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/801/3https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/801/3http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/801/3GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/801/3/table1 (Stellar rotational periods for the KOIs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/801/3/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/801/3/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/801/3/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.8084749.31639890.0055555555555555564/922 923 933 934 935 944 945 946 5/3645 3646 3647 3683 3704 3706 3729 3730 3731 3788 3789 3792 3793 6/14567 14573 14575 14577 14578 14579 14730 14731 14738 14744 14746 14749 14750 14751 14792 14794 14795 14828 14830 14914 14915 15040 15041 15043 15044 15045 15057 15059 15060 15061 15062 15160 15161 15176 15178 15200 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/801/3?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/801/3/table1Stellar rotational periods for the KOIsG[0/1] "1" if star is likely a giantmeta.codeintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[1/6249] Kepler Object of Interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintKICKepler Input Catalog identifier (V/133)meta.idintTeff[3089/10949]? KIC effective temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelog(g)[0.03/6.1]? KIC log surface gravity (1)log(g.cm**-3)phys.gravityfloatnullableProt[0.08/154]? Rotational perioddtime.periodfloatnullablee_Prot[0/73]? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in Protdstat.errorfloatnullableRvar[-9999/96819]? Amplitude of modulation (-9999 if no reliable amplitude)(10-6)src.var.amplitudeintnullableLPH[0.01/1.8]? The Local Peak Height value of the autocorrelation function (ACF)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablew[0/1]? Assigned weight (the w value); see textstat.weightdoublenullableD[0/1] "1" if Dressing & Charbonneau 2013 (J/ApJ/767/95) parameters used (1)meta.codeintN[0/1] "1" if KIC values missing, so NASA Exoplanet Archive (NEA) parameters used (1)meta.codeintC[0/1] "1" if Centroid motion shows transit and rotational modulation on different starsmeta.codeintT[0/1] "1" if T_eff_ outside 3500-6500Kmeta.codeintF[0/1] "1" if false positive (EB) identified in this workmeta.codeintR[0/1] "1" if rejected by visual examination stagemeta.codeintM1[0/1] "1" if inconsistent detection in different quartersmeta.codeintM2[0/1] "1" if inconsistent detection with not high enough peaksmeta.codeintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from KIC catalog (V/133) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from KIC catalog (V/133) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main