J/ApJ/800/85ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/800/85doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18000085CDSNewton E.R.Charbonneau D.Irwin J.Mann A.W.2017-12-18T07:57:27Z2015-08-03T12:03:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsline-intensitiessolar-system-planetsstellar-radiieffective-temperatureInterferometric radius measurements provide a direct probe of the fundamental parameters of M dwarfs. However, interferometry is within reach for only a limited sample of nearby, bright stars. We use interferometrically measured radii, bolometric luminosities, and effective temperatures to develop new empirical calibrations based on low-resolution, near-infrared spectra. We find that H-band Mg and Al spectral features are good tracers of stellar properties, and derive functions that relate effective temperature, radius, and log luminosity to these features. The standard deviations in the residuals of our best fits are, respectively, 73K, 0.027R_{sun}_, and 0.049dex (an 11% error on luminosity). Our calibrations are valid from mid K to mid M dwarf stars, roughly corresponding to temperatures between 3100 and 4800K. We apply our H-band relationships to M dwarfs targeted by the MEarth transiting planet survey and to the cool Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs). We present spectral measurements and estimated stellar parameters for these stars. Parallaxes are also available for many of the MEarth targets, allowing us to independently validate our calibrations by demonstrating a clear relationship between our inferred parameters and the stars' absolute K magnitudes. We identify objects with magnitudes that are too bright for their inferred luminosities as candidate multiple systems. We also use our estimated luminosities to address the applicability of near-infrared metallicity calibrations to mid and late M dwarfs. The temperatures we infer for the KOIs agree remarkably well with those from the literature; however, our stellar radii are systematically larger than those presented in previous works that derive radii from model isochrones. This results in a mean planet radius that is 15% larger than one would infer using the stellar properties from recent catalogs. Our results confirm the derived parameters from previous in-depth studies of KOIs 961 (Kepler-42), 254 (Kepler-45), and 571 (Kepler-186), the latter of which hosts a rocky planet orbiting in its star's habitable zone.2015ApJ...800...85Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/800/85CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)I/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/ApJ/799/4 : Robo-AO obs. of binary stars (Riddle+, 2015)J/ApJS/213/5 : Cool KOIs. VI. H- and K- band spectra (Muirhead+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/ApJ/779/188 : Spectra of nearby late K and M Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/A+A/556/A15 : Effective temperature scale of M dwarfs (Rajpurohit+, 2013)J/ApJ/770/90 : Candidate planets in the habitable zones (Gaidos, 2013)J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved stellar param. of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/AJ/145/52 : Abundances of late K & M dwarfs in binary systems (Mann+, 2013)J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/90 : Stellar param. of K5 & later type Kepler stars (Mann+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/L37 : Stellar parameters of low-mass KOIs (Muirhead+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJ/718/1353 : Light curve of the triple system NLTT 41135 (Irwin+, 2010)J/MNRAS/389/585 : Fundamental parameters of M dwarfs (Casagrande+, 2008)J/ApJ/683/424 : CHARA observations of 3 late-type stars (Boyajian+, 2008)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/AJ/123/3356 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectrosc. survey III. (Gizis+, 2002)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/800/85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/800/85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/800/85https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/800/85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/800/85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/800/85GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/800/85/table3 (Inferred parameters for the interferometric sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true280.695693959.62676310.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/800/85/table5 (Measured quantities and inferred stellar parameters for M dwarfs in the MEarth sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.31579176.99322220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/800/85/table7 (Stellar parameters of cool Kepler Objects of Interest with high-fidelity spectra)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/800/85/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true284.998587550.14678890.0055555555555555565/3743 3777 6/22 125 137 194 250 309 462 546 547 572 636 648 725 811 815 836 861 918 1020 1025 1122 1256 1274 1423 1628 1635 1703 1710 1712 1911 2190 2330 2456 2484 2500 2737 2739 2783 2958 3035 3162 3345 3715 4145 4299 4425 4553 4560 4629 4685 4693 4716 4739 4770 4931 4932 5176 5211 5333 5343 5387 5420 5422 5428 5463 5483 5504 5534 5590 5610 5630 5743 5769 5810 5842 5849 5853 5860 5902 5917 5927 5935 6045 6073 6151 6169 6275 6295 6325 6437 6480 6550 6552 6637 6690 6721 6750 6809 6880 6888 6894 6978 7042 7103 7147 7230 7231 7262 7264 7277 7313 7376 7388 7395 7512 7516 7797 7810 8205 8281 8331 8355 8392 8440 8446 8483 8536 8562 8574 8588 8592 8593 8608 8652 8723 8756 8765 8776 8894 8920 9042 9311 9347 9471 9531 9710 9747 9867 9883 9960 10037 10062 10278 10303 10381 10384 10416 10433 10448 10467 10626 10644 10774 10790 10834 11044 11055 11056 11183 11459 11496 11527 11593 11636 11713 11884 11962 12329 12439 12454 12568 12601 12728 12777 12789 12865 13065 13158 13198 13260 13301 13346 13451 13512 13567 13659 13748 13750 13788 13875 14072 14140 14159 14187 14220 14252 14278 14314 14373 14410 14467 14515 14576 14578 14580 14591 14603 14666 14752 14756 14757 14762 14768 14770 14771 14772 14794 14816 14818 14825 14921 14930 14932 14935 14937 14939 14945 14948 14950 14953 14955 14958 14971 14985 15052 15057 15116 15121 15128 15132 15134 15140 15141 15142 15147 15148 15149 15151 15171 15311 15346 15379 15516 15592 15602 15766 15776 15784 15953 16056 17776 17785 17813 17843 17863 17890 18007 18218 18268 18496 18942 19065 19137 19211 19323 19328 19436 19479 19510 19549 19554 19586 19587 19606 19612 19668 19751 19777 19879 19886 20035 20074 20100 20154 20238 20257 20291 20299 20314 20362 20379 20395 20459 20473 21884 21953 21954 21986 21988 22014 22222 22236 22253 22289 22302 22309 22325 22343 22367 22413 22420 22807 22992 23265 23292 23293 23328 23331 23391 23425 23443 23465 23482 23487 23519 23527 23564 23595 23607 23696 23704 23718 23730 23743 23859 23867 23997 24223 24227 24249 24288 24313 24330 24336 24362 25003 25153 26048 26055 26063 26085 26279 26327 26340 26388 26473 26507 26538 26563 26583 26594 26599 26623 26956 26972 27056 27063 27086 27102 27104 27225 27311 27326 27357 27392 27419 27441 27462 27519 27537 27578 27704 27731 27762 27792 27820 27909 27967 28053 28055 28087 28093 28135 28306 28325 28340 28343 28360 28387 28417 28454 28459 28477 28548 28646 30105 30146 30177 30193 30200 30388 30392 30455 30505 30522 30555 30613 31148 31216 31226 31327 31592 31740 31751 31764 31767 31773 31781 31803 31811 31986 32015 32033 32038 32063 32076 32089 32093 32104 32115 32158 32224 32229 32262 32278 32329 32444 32491 32500 32541 32553 32749 32753 44284 44613 44921 46566https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/800/85?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/800/85/table3Inferred parameters for the interferometric sampleTeff[3142/4773] Measured effective temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_Name[fg] f=star excluded; g=peculiar origin of interferometry (1)meta.codechare_Teff[11/90] Teff uncertaintyKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintR[0.18/0.8] Measured radius (3)solRadphys.size.radiusfloate_R[0.001/0.03] Rad uncertaintysolRadstat.errorfloatlogL[-2.5/-0.5] Bolometric luminosity (2)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logL[0.002/0.02] logLbol uncertaintylog(solLum)stat.errorfloatTe.i[3248/4825] Inferred effective temperature (4)Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Te.i[74/227] Te.i uncertaintyKstat.errorintR.i[0.18/0.9] Inferred radius (4)solRadphys.size.radiusfloate_R.i[0.02/0.07] R.i uncertaintysolRadstat.errorfloatlogL.i[-2.5/-0.5] Inferred bolometric luminosity (4)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logL.i[0.05/0.2] logL.i uncertaintylog(solLum)stat.errorfloatB12Simbad column added by the CDSmeta.codeintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/800/85/table5Measured quantities and inferred stellar parameters for M dwarfs in the MEarth samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar identification (1)meta.id;meta.maincharm_Name[EWNS ] Component identifier (1)meta.code.multipcharMg1.48Equivalent width of MgI 1.48um line ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_Mg1.48Uncertainty in Mg1.48 ({AA})0.1nmstat.errorfloatMg1.50Equivalent width of MgI 1.50um line ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_Mg1.50Uncertainty in Mg1.50 ({AA})0.1nmstat.errorfloatMg1.58Equivalent width of MgI 1.58um line ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_Mg1.58Uncertainty in Mg1.58 ({AA})0.1nmstat.errorfloatAl-aEquivalent width of Al 1.67um-blue line ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_Al-aUncertainty in Al-a ({AA})0.1nmstat.errorfloatAl-bEquivalent width of Al 1.67um-red line ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_Al-bUncertainty in Al-b ({AA})0.1nmstat.errorfloatMg1.71Equivalent width of MgI 1.71um line ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_Mg1.71Uncertainty in Mg1.71 ({AA})0.1nmstat.errorfloatK[0.7/1.3] K-band index from Mann et al. 2013 (J/ApJ/779/188)spect.indexfloatTeff[2644/4093]? Inferred effective temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff[75/123]? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullableR[-1.1/1.9] Inferred radius (3)solRadphys.size.radiusfloate_R[0.02/4] Uncertainty in RsolRadstat.errorfloatlogL[-4/-0.9] Inferred log(luminosity) (4)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logL[0.05/0.2] Uncertainty in logLlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatplx[15/395]? Parallaxmaspos.parallax.spectfloatnullablee_plx[0/25]? Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullabler_plxReference for plx (5)meta.ref;pos.framechar[Fe/H]1[-1/0.8] Metallicity from 2013 calibration (6)log(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloat[Fe/H]2[-1.3/0.9] Metallicity from 2014 calibration (7)log(Sun)phys.abund.FefloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/800/85/table7Stellar parameters of cool Kepler Objects of Interest with high-fidelity spectraNpNumber of planetsmeta.ref.urlintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[247.01/4427.01] KOI number (<KOI-NNNN.NN> in Simbad)meta.id.assocfloatKICKepler Input Catalog (V/133) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintTe.H[3068/4385] Huber et al. 2014, J/ApJS/211/2, stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintR.H[0.17/0.8] Huber et al. 2014, J/ApJS/211/2, stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatr_R.HHuber et al. 2014, J/ApJS/211/2, data reference (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharTeff[3134/4251] This work's stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[73/159] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintR[0.18/0.7] This work's stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloate_R[0.02/0.05] Uncertainty in RsolRadstat.errorfloatlogL[-2.8/-0.7] This work's log luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logL[0.05/0.3] Uncertainty in logLlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatRp.l[0.6/18.5] Literature planetary radius (2)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatTp.l[172/1637] Literature planetary equilibrium temperature (2)Kphys.temperatureintRp[0.6/19.8] This work's planetary radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatTp[171/1684] This work's planetary equilibrium temperatureKphys.temperatureintH14Display data from Huber+, 2014, J/ApJS/211/2meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from KIC names in SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from KIC names in SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main