J/ApJ/800/135ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/800/135doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18000135CDSDressing C.D.Charbonneau D.Dumusque X.Gettel S.Pepe F.,Collier Cameron A.Latham D.W.Molinari E.Udry S.Affer L.,Bonomo A.S.Buchhave L.A.Cosentino R.Figueira P.Fiorenzano A.F.M.,Harutyunyan A.Haywood R.D.Johnson J.A.Lopez-Morales M.Lovis C.,Malavolta L.Mayor M.Micela G.Motalebi F.Nascimbeni V.,Phillips D.F.Piotto G.Pollacco D.Queloz D.Rice K.Sasselov D.,Segransan D.Sozzetti A.Szentgyorgyi A.Watson C.2017-06-20T13:16:02Z2015-08-03T13:11:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsradial-velocitysolar-system-planetsKepler-93b is a 1.478+/-0.019R_{Earth}_ planet with a 4.7day period around a bright (V=10.2), astroseismically characterized host star with a mass of 0.911+/-0.033M_{sun}_ and a radius of 0.919+/-0.011R_{sun}_. Based on 86 radial velocity observations obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and 32 archival Keck/HIRES observations, we present a precise mass estimate of 4.02+/-0.68M_{Earth}_. The corresponding high density of 6.88+/-1.18g/cm3 is consistent with a rocky composition of primarily iron and magnesium silicate. We compare Kepler-93b to other dense planets with well-constrained parameters and find that between 1 and 6M_{Earth}_, all dense planets including the Earth and Venus are well-described by the same fixed ratio of iron to magnesium silicate. There are as of yet no examples of such planets with masses >6M_{Earth}_. All known planets in this mass regime have lower densities requiring significant fractions of volatiles or H/He gas. We also constrain the mass and period of the outer companion in the Kepler-93 system from the long-term radial velocity trend and archival adaptive optics images. As the sample of dense planets with well-constrained masses and radii continues to grow, we will be able to test whether the fixed compositional model found for the seven dense planets considered in this paper extends to the full population of 1-6M_{Earth}_ planets.2015ApJ...800..135Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/800/135CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. IV. 22 months (Burke+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A103 : Kepler planet host candidates imaging (Lillo-Box+, 2014)J/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/127 : Asteroseismic solutions for 77 Kepler stars (Huber+, 2013)J/A+A/547/A36 : Chemical abundances of 87 KOIs (Adibekyan++, 2012)J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)J/AJ/144/24 : The Kepler-INT survey (Greiss+, 2012)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)J/A+A/449/723 : Atmospheres of stars with planets (Gilli+, 2006)J/A+A/438/251 : Abundances in stars with giant planets (Beirao+, 2005)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/800/135https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/800/135http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/800/135https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/800/135https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/800/135http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/800/135GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/800/135/table1HARPS-N radial velocity observations of Kepler-93recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date; UTCdtime.epochdoubleRVel[27331/27356] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVel[0.7/2.2] Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatBS[-41.2/-22.2] Bisector spanm/sphys.velocfloatlogR'HK[-5.1/-4.9] The logR'_HK_ chromospheric activity valuephot.flux;arith.ratiofloate_logR'HK[0/0.03] Uncertainty in logR'HKstat.errorfloatExp[900/1800] Exposure Timestime.duration;obs.exposureint